Are science and religion in conflict Research Paper

Are science and religion in conflict - Research Paper Example According to science, everything which happens in the universe has a natural cause and it does not relate it to a God or an unseen force. On the contrary, the religion only believes in God and establishes its foundation on concept of God and in his unlimited powers. Science completely relies on proof and religion is depended on morality, faith and spirituality and hence both remains in conflict forever. All religion in the world is based on God and his attributes and science on other hand is a study of nature. The basis and principles of religion is passed on to people from their ancestors and elders and has strong grounds of belief and faith. But science is developed by studying and researching on elements of nature. Science only believes on fact and evidence based information and cannot rely on imagination and faith. The core reason for the conflict between science and religion is on matter of creation of universe and the former regards creation of universe as accidental whereas re ligion strongly believes that creation of universe is a planned action of God. Science does not believe in miracle or supernatural powers whereas the religious concepts have many illusionary and superficial thinking attached to it. Part Two: Argument Incompatible Nature of Science and Religion Science and religion has their ideas rooted in different subjects and as a result they conflict with each other on varied platforms. On every sphere of human activity like astronomy, history, medicine, human sexuality and religious practices and events, science and religion maintains different opinions. According to religion, the astronomy is related to the position of planets and the way they influence the everyday life of human beings. Ancient people used to make astronomical observation and understand the position of planets and assess their positive and negative effect on human beings. They integrated rituals and religious ceremonies keeping in mind the influence of planets on human life. As per science, astronomy is the study of various planets and their origin, nature and evolution. Even on history, science and religion contradict each other regarding various events taken place in the past like the creation of earth and flood story about Noah’s ark. The science neglects these stories as they believe in evidence found by fossil excavation and anthropology. Science believes in Darwin’s evolution theory and suggests that man evolved from apes. According to old and New Testament, earth is millions of years old whereas science suggests that earth are not that old as testament indicate. In relation to language, religion believes that it originated among people of Babel in Middle East. However, science point out that language evolved among people who travelled in groups and sub groups during migration. When it comes to medicine, there is also difference of opinion among science and religion .Science believes that medicine is the only means to heal diseases w here as religion is of the opinion that faith and prayers to the God helps people to keep away from illnesses. Religion believes in the connection of body with the soul and how God exists in the soul of all human beings. Since faith in religion is something related to mind and grounded in the belief of God, science does not give importance to it. According to (Cray, 2006) â€Å"God cannot be completely contained within nature, and therefore God's existence is outside of science's ability to really weigh in†. Science mainly relates itself with nature and its activities, whereas religion sees and believes in things beyond nature. In religion there

Organ black market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organ black market - Essay Example People have to stay on waiting lists for years before they may ultimately get an organ that can replace their organ which does not function normally. During this period, patients even end up losing their lives as a result of organ failure. Transplantation of organs is very essential for certain individuals, selling organs on the black market is unethical as the act is against the foundations of organ donation, increases the expenditure of the donor and increases cost for the society. Body Presumed Consent Donation of organ is the act of giving a gift or voluntarily donating an organ to another person. When organ transplantation started taking place, the consent of the donor and his family was given great importance and without their consent organ donation and transplantation could not take place. Due to this, there was a shortage of organs available in the market and nations started applying presumed consent system. Presumed consent refers to one’s belief that a person or his family members have no objection regarding transplantation of organs of a dead individual. Presumed consent may not take place if the family members stop or disallow the transplantation procedure (Devettere 401). Due to presumed consent, ample numbers of patients who need organ donations have started gaining access to organs but the number is still quite low due to the existence of black markets. Because of the existence of black markets, presumed consent can not be practiced in an efficient manner as people prefer selling their organs in the black market rather donating it and this is a common practice in developing nations. Regulating Markets and Black Markets The huge amount of difference between the demand for organs and supply of organs has resulted in an increase in black markets for organs. The demand for organs is much higher than the supply throughout the world; this has made policy makers take measures to counter the difference between the demand and supply. This has led n ations such as Singapore to reimburse and provide incentives to donors in order to encourage them to donate their organs (Cooper 15). Nations such as Singapore are even investing heavily in the procedure of donation and this is a very high cost to the donor in financial terms. The government and policy makers have taken steps such as paying for the transplant procedure and expenses that are bared by donors after the procedure has taken place. A major challenge recognized for the activities conducted by nations is the challenge known as transplant commercialism. Transplant commercialism is referred to the treatment of organs as a commodity which results in the buying and selling of organs and which increases the act of organ trafficking (Danovitch 443). Transplant commercialism is recognized as an unethical act because it shakes the very foundations of organ donation. Policy makers have realized that the nations that are providing incentives for organ donation are conducting an uneth ical act of reimbursing donors in return for their organs. On the other hand, policy makers do not restrict reimbursements. This will not leave the donor with a financial reward and will neither result in a disadvantage to him. According to the utilitarian view of ethics, all activities that are considered ethical must provide the optimum level of benefit to the society. If one views organ donation black

Beta Blockers Properties Of Propranolol And Atenolol Biology Essay

Beta Blockers Properties Of Propranolol And Atenolol Biology Essay Abstract This essay reports the properties of propranolol (lipophilic ÃŽ ²1-selective blocker) and atenolol (hydrophilic ÃŽ ²1-selective blocker) in the point of view of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and physical chemistry. It is observed that their pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties are different, but its physicochemical properties are relative close. Introduction to ÃŽ ²-blockers The ÃŽ ²-blockers are drugs which act by blocking the effect of mediators and agonists on the relevant receptors. The ÃŽ ²-blockers show an antihypertensive effect, which is caused by reduced cardiac output, decreased release of renin, central decrease of sympathetic action. Also, they exhibit an antianginal effect, which is caused by slowing of the heart rate and thus decreased metabolic demand. The main side effects of general ÃŽ ²-blockers are cardiac failure, such as cardiac depression, hypotension, sinus node dysfunction, atrioventricular block. The side effects depend on the properties of ÃŽ ²-blockers. For instance, non-selective ÃŽ ²-blockers show the unwanted effects caused by blocking ÃŽ ²2-receptor. These show bronchoconstriction which is potentially life-threatening in asthmatic patients and clinically undesirable in patients with other respiratory problems. Lipophilic ÃŽ ²-blockers may cause psychological symptoms, such as depression. There are some important factors in the selection of ÃŽ ²-blockers, which are ISA, MSA, ÃŽ ²1-selectivity, lipophilicity, solubility, and the duration of effects. The ÃŽ ²2-selective blockers are not used clinically, because of causing bronchoconstriction. Some ÃŽ ²-blockers show the effect of not only blocking the receptors, but also stimulating ÃŽ ²-receptors. It depends on the situation whether ISA positive ÃŽ ²-blockers stimulate or block ÃŽ ²-receptors. For example, these act as ÃŽ ²-blockers under the existence of ÃŽ ²-agonists. On the other hand, these invigorate the receptors under the non-existence of ÃŽ ²-agonists. Such an effect is termed ISA which is intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The drugs which have ISA decrease the side effects caused by ÃŽ ²-blockers. The non-selective blocks of ÃŽ ²-receptors cause the increase in cardiac afterload and bronchocostriction, because of ÃŽ ²2-blocking. The ÃŽ ²1-selective drugs slightly have the effect of ÃŽ ²2-blocking, but the ris k of causing cardiac afterload and bronchoconstriction is lower than that of non-selective ÃŽ ²-blockers. The duration of effects depends on the disease. Long acting ÃŽ ²-blockers are desirable for hypertension and heart failure, because of the low frequency of administration. In contrast, short acting ÃŽ ²-blockers, propranolol, are ideal drugs for angina, because of the fast onset of action. As I stated above, lipophilic ÃŽ ²-blockers have a risk of causing depression. The reason is such drugs are absorbed easily, so can penetrate BBB. MSA, membrane stabilising activity, is an activity which prevents sodium ions from entering inside of cells. Many ÃŽ ²-blockers, such as propranolol, have the activity, so these are useful for arrhythmia. The properties of propranolol Propranolol is a non-selective ÃŽ ²-blocker, which is clinically used as propranolol hydrochloride. The IUPAC name is (2RS)-1-(1-Methylethyl) amino-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) propan-2-ol monohydrochlorid. The molecular weight is 295.80, and the melting point is around 165 degrees. It is white crystalline powder, and it is easy to dissolve in water and methanol. Also, the methanol solution doesnt exhibit optical activity. Its structural formula is following. Propranolol is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, its plasma level reach a peak, 42.9ng/ml, after 1.5 hours of administration. The half life is approximately 3.9 hours. The metabolism of propranolol is mainly conducted by the liver, so it is metabolised to naphthoxylactic acid, glucuronic acid conjugate, and 4-Hydroxypropranolol. It is mainly metabolised by CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP2C19. As I discussed above, propranolol can penetrate BBB and transition to the brain, because of lipophilic. Its dosage amount is mostly excreted in urine within 48 hours, and the rest is excreted in faeces, which is just less than 4 percentages. Its pharmacological actions include an antihypertensive effect, an antianginal effect, and MSA. Propranolol doesnt show ISA in the experiment with using rats, so it is considered that propranolol doesnt show human ISA as well as rats. Some side effects have been reported, such as, bronchoconstriction, slowing of heart rate, and allergic. These days, a new si de effect is becoming popular, which is mental symptoms, such as depression, nightmare, and insomnia. There is the drug-drug interaction in propranol. For instance, propranolol cant use with thioridazine which is a psychotropic drug, especially for integration dysfunction symptom. The reason is the side effect of thioridazine is likely to happen, because of preventing propranolol from being metabolised thioridazine by enzymes in the liver. In the same way, propranolol cant use with rizatriptan which is a drug for migraine. Combination use with propranolol and rizatoriptan induce the extension of half life of and the increase of AUC, so increase the side effects. Also, it is essential to avoid administering rizatoriptan within 24 hours of administration of propranolol for the same reason. Its package leaflet approved by US Food and Drug Administration warns. Therefore, its administration should not be stopped suddenly. Above statement is one of the most important warnings in the usage of propranolol. Properties of atenolol Atenolol is a ÃŽ ²1-selective blocker without showing MSA and ISA, which is used for hypertension, angina, and cardiac dysrhythmias. It is sold as TENORMIN in the market. The IUPAC name is 2-(4-{(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl) amino] propyloxy} phenyl) acetamide. The molecular weight is 266.34, and the melting point is around 155 degrees. It is white or light yellow crystalline powder, and it is easy to dissolve in water and methanol as well as propranolol. In addition, the methanol solution doesnt exhibit optical activity. Its structural formula is following. Atenolol is almost half absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, and the rest enter systemic circulation without getting first pass effect on the liver. Its half life is approximately 7 hours. Atenolol is little metabolised in the liver, but some are metabolised to glucuronic acid conjugate. The data shows that atenolol is low distribution to brain compared to proranolol, because its drug is hydrophilic. Therefore, it has been reported that atenolol hardly have an influence on mental symptom unlike propranolol. The excretion of oral atenolol is approximately 50% in urine and faeces respectively, but 90% of them are not metabolised. As I stated above, atenolol is a ÃŽ ²1-selective blocker, so it is little to affect bronchial tubes which is controlled by ÃŽ ²2-receptor. However, the data have been reported atenolol inhibit ÃŽ ²2-receptor at high dose. Its side effects are almost the same as propranolol. The main difference between atenolol and propranolol is the incidence of tracheal symp toms, such as bronchoconstriction and bronchial spasm. Propranolol blocks ÃŽ ²-receptors non- selectively, so causes different tracheal symptoms. In contrast, atenolol inhibits ÃŽ ²1-receptors selectively, so barely makes such symptoms happen. The sudden cessation of therapy with atenolol has a possibility of causing cardiac diseases for specific patients. Its leaflet approved by FDA cautions, The properties of ÃŽ ²-blockers in obese patients These days, the number of obese people is increasing due to high calorie foods and the decrease of exercise. It is common for obese patients to take drug therapy in clinical practice, because obesity is connected with many diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is important to identify pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in obese patients. Jerzy Wojcickia studied the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic properties between propranolol and atenolol in obese patients. As a result, he concluded following. Conclusion In summary, there are some differences between propranolol and atenolol from the point of view of pharmacology, because of the difference of selectivity of ÃŽ ²-receptor. In the same way, there are some pharmacokinetic differences as well, such as the duration of half life and the mechanism of metabolism and excretion. In contrast, their physicochemical properties are similar. In clinical use, there are some warnings respectively, and the common cautions are to avoid sudden discontinuation of administration. Its dosage should be progressively decreased over a few weeks in order to avoid such side effects. I studied the characters between these ÃŽ ²-blockers in obese patients. In the study, it was not observed there are the obvious differences between obese patients and non-obese patients

Global Warming and its Causes and Solutions :: essays research papers

Global warming has been one of the leading environmental issues for the past several years. Global warming is when an excess of certain gasses are produced and trap the sun’s heat in the atmosphere. One of the most abundant of these gasses is carbon dioxide. It is released when fossil fuels and other things are burned for their energy. The average American family of 2 will produce 41,500 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. The Earth is able to cope with a certain amount of these gasses otherwise known as greenhouse gasses. With all of this the earth is heating up faster than most of it inhabitants can adapt. Some just can’t cope with the new conditions and some are having their habitat destroyed by it. Other gasses are destroying the ozone and letting in harmful UV rays and heating the earth even more. The earth has been doing fine but now many countries are in the industrial age and are manufacturing things and releasing more greenhouse gasses. The earth is essentially being thrown out of its natural balance. We started doing harmful things and only now do we realize what we have done and what we are doing. At this current rate by the middle of next century the earth’s temperature may rise a predicted 10 degrees Fahrenheit. This may not seem as much but with the earths delicate balance we will have lost several species and habitats. We all say that we are working to help the earth and yet we have only done a very small percent of what we need to do. Scientists are worried that soon the effects of what we have done may be irreversible. We have the technology to do it, but countries are concerned they will lose too much money. They are already wasting it on other unnecessary things and if they were to reduce funding to them we could have enough money to do these changes and probably still have some left to help fund other countries efforts. We are cutting down thousands of earth’s natural air filters as we speak. Trees and plants take some of the carbon dioxide and turn it into oxygen helping us and the environment.

Changing Paradigms of Rebranding Strategies

According to the AMA (American Marketing Association), Brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, design, or a combination of all used to uniquely identify a producer’s goods and services and differentiate them from competitors. Specifically, a brand is a name â€Å"yahoo. com† logo, jingle ‘bus 2 minutes’, â€Å"Maggie†, slogan ‘sense and simplicity’, â€Å"PHILIPS†, package design, spokesperson, color Red color,† Vodafone† which consumers associate with a specific product. REBRANDING-WHAT IS IT?Rebranding occurs when a product or service developed with one brand, company or product line affiliation is marketed or distributed with a new and different identity. It is usually more than simply a change in brand’s logo and other superficial changes and should involve radical changes to the brand name, image marketing strategy and advertising themes. In order to complete Rebranding, several areas should be reviewed includ ing positioning, personality, cluster of values, logo, company, identity and vision prior to the building of a brand.Rebranding can take place for a new product, a mature product, or even developing products. In some cases, a total rebrand may not be necessary but rather a partial rebrand. When a brand has been firmly established but may be outdated or needs refreshing due to new products or services, partial Rebranding may be more appropriate. It is critical that the brand value that’s been developed over the years not be eliminated. Subtle changes to update it may be all that is necessary to get the message across and revitalize sales.It is important to differentiate between Rebranding of a product versus repositioning of a product. Repositioning may involve a change in any of the marketing mix elements in an effort to respond to declining sales or market share. The goal in repositioning is to target existing products at new markets or segments. Repositioning may be part of Rebranding campaign. In contrast, Rebranding should involve a total change to fundamental company elements such as mission statements, values and widely recognized logos in an effort to have the company’s brand accurately reflect what it offers.WHEN SHOULD REBRANDING OCCURS: Rebranding is appropriate and essential under several circumstances in order to ensure success in product and service delivery. Often, a company has adapted their products to keep competitive in the marketplace to the extent the company’s brand may no longer accurately reflect what if offers. In this case, a major brand overhaul is necessary. A large quantity of acquisitions or merging of companies may require Rebranding in order to adequately reflect the new, large company.When is Rebranding necessary? DRIVERS OF REBRANDING: The two major reasons of rebranding are: corporate restructuring and modifying the external perceptions. The following text highlights more drivers that call for rebranding e xercise: †¢ Outliving the usefulness: Sometimes, a brand might outlive the purpose for which it was created. In such a scenario, it is more suitable to change the name of brand and then continue or prune the product depending upon the market requirement. Values change: Sometimes, the value that promoters want to display to the audience through the brands change, and that is why they decide to change the brand name as well. †¢ Mergers and acquisitions: Cases like the merger and acquisitions force the corporates to dawn a new identity for themselves, as it was seen in the case of Air Deccan and Kingfisher. However, while conducting the rebranding exercise, the companies should conduct a thorough analysis of the values and the attributes for which the brand name of the merging companies stand for and then only a new name should be adopted or the old one should be changed. Confused brands: In the case of UTI bank which changed its name to Axis bank, the brand UTI was associate d with many other instituted in different streams financial strength, had to go for rebranding. CONSIDERATIONS FOR REBRANDING: †¢ Through analysis of the target market: A company indulging in a rebranding exercise will not like to indulge into the exercise at the cost of its existing customers. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the profile of the existing customers is warranted. The rebranding exercise may attract new segments of the market but should not drive away the existing segments being served by the market. Nature of brand equity: A thorough analysis of brand equity and the nature of its standing in the eyes of its stakeholders should be conducted before going for dropping an already well established name, because if the new name fails to live up to the expectations of the stakeholders, it may result in a huge loss in terms of the sales and goodwill of the firm and through these two elements, on the value of the firm. †¢ Project Management: It is generally the mark eting department who takes up the leadership role in implementing the rebranding exercise and tries to seek out and surmount the challenges ahead.However, in many cases, it is the board of directors with the external ad agency who decide upon the rebranding exercise and implement it. †¢ Staff Involvement : The staff involvement is seen at various levels of the organization and they are basically consulted to suggest and brain storm on the new brand name and the like. †¢ Customer Involvement: Though not many organizations go for customer feedback before rebranding themselves, feedback is sought in a more subtle and discreet way from the customers. Since confidentially is a concern for such an exercise, the rebranding campaign was not made more broad based.OBSTACLES: †¢ Time consuming: Most of the organizations found brand building time consuming and they failed to estimate the exact time for conducting the exercise. †¢ Internal Resistance: Employee morale is great ly affected by the attitudes associated with the organization they work with, so many a times a change in brand name greatly affects their motivation and willingness to work for their responses. PREREQUISITES OF A SUCCESSFUL REBRANDING EXERCISE. †¢ Clear Vision: The top management should have a clear vision about the organization and the direction in which it wants to take the organization.It also should have a fair idea as to what does it want to achieve through the rebranding exercise. †¢ Engagement of staff: The staff should be engaged at all levels across the organization to have a feeling or unanimity and oneness towards the entire exercise. †¢ Thorough Planning: The rebranding exercise should be thoroughly planned and if need be, contingency plans should be prepared for any crisis. Rebranding is a difficult exercise to execute and it requires a lot of planning and a very minute detailed setting of goals and milestones in the execution phase to ensure the smooth implementation of the rebranding exercise. Adequate Resources: Adequate resources should be provided to the organization in terms of manpower, money and other resources. The complexity in execution; especially in the communication process calls for expert intervention in the entire process and the dispassionate observation and wide knowledge of the experts becomes a necessary in such projects. †¢ Communication: The communication with the stake holders should be consistent, clear and multilateral to win their confidence towards the entire exercise. Impact on the Financial Markets: A firm exists for the maximization of shareholders wealth and it is therefore very important for the organization, to study the short term impact of the rebranding exercise on the financial markets and the organization should plan as to how it is going to deal with the short term impacts on the stock market prices of the rebranding exercise. TYPES OF REBRANDING EXERCISE: 1) Reiterating: These companies need not change their brand name, their names are strong enough and the brand essence has not changed over a period of years. ) Renaming: Some companies may go for renaming themselves to display the change in the ownership structure and to reflect the new owner’s identity in the name or the logo of the company. 3) Redefining: Some companies may go for redefining the qualities and attributes attached to it. It is done to give the company a new direction and also convey to the stake holders a change in the ownership pattern and the new direction of the company. 4) Restarting: These organizations feel a need not only to change the attributes attached to their brands but also the brand names ltogether. This happens when an existing brand departs from or enters into a new product line. 5) Abstract Brand Name: Companies normally go for an abstract brand name, because their abstraction lends them the flexibility of getting associated with other products also. Moreover, it is also s een that service organizations prefer more abstract names as they want to convey more complex messages than the product based organizations. REBRANDING SUCCESS: Several well-known companies have attempted Rebranding in recent years.In some cases the Rebranding effort has been all encompassing for the company and in other cases a few changes were all that were necessary in order to ensure success. Hindustan Unilever limited: Hindustan Lever, a 51. 6 per cent subsidiary of Unilever plc formed in 1956, is the largest FMCG Company in India. It operates in two segments — home and personal care products such as soaps, detergents, oral care products, hair care products, skin care products, cosmetics, deodorants and fragrances, and food and beverages such as tea, coffee, wheat flour, salt, ice creams and culinary products.With a turnover of over US$ 2200 million in 2003, HLL employs over 40,000 people across the country. Coca-Cola India: Coca-Cola is a leading player in the Indian be verage market with a 60 per cent share in the carbonated soft drinks segment, 36 per cent share in fruit drinks segment and 33 per cent share in the packaged water segment. In 2004, Coca-Cola sold 7 billion packs of its brands to more than 230 million consumers across 4,700 towns and 175,000 villages. The company has doubled its volumes and trebled its profits between 2001 and 2004. Coca-Cola continues to re-affirm its commitment to India through active ‘Citizenship Efforts. All its plants in India partner with local NGOs to alleviate local community issues in numerous small ways. It boasts of impeccable credentials on quality. Coca-Cola has succeeded in spite of an extremely price-sensitive consumer with entrenched beverage consumption habits – tea, nimbu-paani (lemonade) and a fragmented and geographically dispersed retail market, and a high tax environment. Intel India: Intel India was established in 1988 in Bangalore, and has now grown to include the maximum number of Intel divisions in any country outside the United States.India’s increasing IT and engineering talent pool, has ensured that the majority of work done at Intel India is software and hardware engineering; and has also established the Intel India Design Centre, as Intel’s largest non-manufacturing site internationally. Intel has over 2,000 employees, of whom 1,200 work at the development centre. Significant market development groups include education and Intel Capital, which helps Intel make strategic investments in technology and online start-ups. Intel has invested US$ 60 million in infrastructure in India. REBRANDING FAILURES:For every successful Rebranding story, there is at least one corresponding failure. The example given below outlines some of the reasons why Rebranding does not always succeed. New Coke: One of the most infamous rebranding failure stories in history is that of New Coke. On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola Company took one of its biggest risks by anno uncing it was changing the formula for the world’s most popular soft drink. The outcry which followed was heard around the world. The motivation behind the formula change was a shrinking market share which the company believed to be the results of its arch rival Pepsi-Cola.During the 1970’s, the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge† campaign seemed to erode the coke market even further. The company felt compelled to do something as it appeared consumers; particularly the baby boomer market, had a preference for sweeter drinks. Coke experimented with a new sweeter formula and market tests indicated the new formula was preferred overwhelmingly to both regular Coke and Pepsi. A first hint of pending disaster was when focus groups indicated indignation upon finding out they were tasting a possible new Coca-Cola and threatened to stop drinking coke altogether.Nevertheless, the company relied heavily on the market analysis and research and launched new coke in April of 1985. Initial results were promising but the backlash that followed almost took the company down. The company did not factor in the rich, cultural history tied to the original coke. Even though taste tests continued to indicate a preference for the sweeter drink, brand loyalty was staunch for the classic coke and consumers boycotted the new coke as a result. With in 3 months, coca-cola was forced to bring back classic coke, which resulted in a resurgence of sales to bring coca-cola to the fore front once again.Eventually, New Coke became Coke II and is virtually unavailable in distribution today. So what went wrong? Research was extensive, leadership supported the rebranding and an extensive advertising campaign was launched. Perhaps the company should have listened to that minority segment in the focus groups who were offended that Coca-Cola would even think about changing its formula(which it actually did any way when it changed from a sugar sweetness to a more inexpensive high fructose corn s yrup sweetener). This was a hint of the cultural backlash that would result, particularly from the southern U.S. where coke was a part of the regional identity. Perhaps the launch was not successfully implemented. Pepsi was able to strategically maneuver advertising by claiming they had won the cola wars prior to the official launch of New Coke. In addition, Coca-Colas CEO was unprepared for the â€Å"launching news conference resulting in alienation of reporters. He could not answer simple questions about the taste change. What ever the reason New Coke is now history and coke classic with other coke products maintain a lead in overall sales.Volume for the classic brand has risen 24 percent since 1984 making it the No. 1 soft drink in the land since 1987. It is interesting how loyal consumers can be to a brand once you take it away temporarily. The rebranding failure actually led to revitalization of the existing brand and a newfound respect by company leadership for the â€Å"cul ture† surrounding the original Coca-Cola product. MISTAKES MADE WHEN REBRANDING: †¢ Lack of True Change: It is important to remember that rebranding signals change. Your brand is more than your logo or corporate colors.Simply repacking the goods and providing some new designs will not get results you need. Putting a new cover on an old book doesn’t make it new. Brands include every thing from customer perception and experience to quality, look and feel, customer care and retail and web environments. Make sure the changes instilled are all encompassing or customers will catch on quick and make a fast departure. †¢ Lack of Quality Research: Research is required in order to be able to establish a plan for rebranding. Current and prospective customers must be involved when creating solutions.Knowing customer attitudes and desires is essential in order to deliver the product they want in the way they want it delivered. In addition, research should be interpreted cu rrently or the rebranding efforts can take a wrong direction. Coca-cola performed extensive research but discounted a portion of it which ultimately became very important foreshadowing of things to come. †¢ Ignoring Brand Equity: By ignoring existing brand equity when rebranding, a company faces the risk of alienating and subsequently losing existing loyal customers. This was evident during the attempted rebranding of coke.The company assumed all customers would like and want the taste of new coke because they didn’t understand the extent of the current brand loyalty. AT & T took this into consideration after merging with Southwestern Bell to ensure customers were comfortable and unconcerned about any loss of service. †¢ Basing Rebranding on Advertising: Just as rebranding is not simply repacking the product, neither is it simply the advertising campaign. Brand strategy should be the core item leading advertising; advertising should not lead brand strategy.Interesti ngly, some rebranding efforts may not include traditional advertising. Make sure the rebranding campaign is more than advertising or nothing will change for the company. †¢ Inability to Analyze the Positioning: The literature revealed that ‘Repositioning’ is one of the most important drivers for rebranding. Positioning is not what company does with the product; it’s all about what they do with the mind of the target audience, and what customers think about the company. So, it is vital for rebranding to clarify and refine the positioning.Both the present as well as desired positioning of the company should be apparent. †¢ Lack of Top Level Support: Even though the rebranding may be born in the marketing department, it should be owned and supported by the top level managers especially the CEO. The CEO (Chief Executive Officer) is the only authority who can drive change in all the functional areas across the organization. The CEO needs to set the vision an d lead rebranding to ensure that Product, Service & People are aligned and determined to deliver the implied promises through rebranding. CONCLUSION:As branding trends continue to evolve, rebranding success seems to depend on the ability to adapt to the rapidly evolving media environment and taking advantage of new opportunities to reach the target audience. In order to remain competitive, companies will need to embrace â€Å"hot† media to spread the message to younger and techsavvy customers. New methods include blogs, pod casts, mobile phone-based programming, and social networks. However, a balance must be maintained with traditional methods of media in order to reach and retain the existing customer base. In order to rebrand successfully, key steps need to be taken in the process.Companies who embrace the elements of rebranding usually are able to obtain their goals. Companies who fail to address all of the elements of rebranding often make mistakes and succumb to failure . So does rebranding work? Yes, and NO. It works when it is based on quality information, has the support of leadership and employees, is well-planned, provide adequate training, is integrated throughout the whole company, has a well-balanced multi-media advertising campaign that communicates the brand message consistently across multiple platforms, is customer driven, and is evaluated on an on-going basis to determine if alterations are need.When these elements are not present, the chance of rebranding success diminishes rapidly. EXHIBITS |IBM | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | Hindustan Lever Limited |Hindustan Unilever Limited | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | Indian post | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | [pic] [pic] [pic] PHILIPS | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | |COMPAQ | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | HUTCH |Vodafone | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | |APPLE | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | KFC | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | | AIWA | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | KODAK | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | |SATYAM |MAHINDRA SATYAM | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | VIDEOCON | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | |CANARA BANK | |Old New | |[pic] |[pic] | |JET AIRWAYS | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | BANK OF BARODA | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | RELIANCE | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | [pic] BIBLIOGRAPHY: †¢ Kotler, Keller, Koshy, Jha. â€Å"Marketing Management†, 13th Edition, Pearson Education. YLR Moorthi, â€Å"Brand Management, The Indian Context†,2006, Vikas publishing house pvt ltd. †¢ Bhavishya, The journal of futuristic managers, Jan-Mar 2008. †¢ Dr. M. A. Azeem, Prof. T. Venkat Ram Raj, December-2008,†Rebranding – A business imperative†, Indian Journal of Marketing, Page no: 15-21. †¢ M. Saeed, Ravinder vinayek, Narender kumar, September-2008, â€Å"Rebranding: An emerging brand marketing strategy (Trends, Issues and challenges)†, Indian Journal of Marketing, Page no: 3-10.WEBLIOGRAPHY: †¢ http://blong. styleap ple. com †¢ http://images. google. co. in/imgres? imgurl=http://remade. files. wordpress. com/2008/01/canarabankbeforeafter. jpg †¢ http://www. mobilepandit. com/2005/12/07/rebranding-reliance-infocom †¢ www. thehindubussinessline. com ———————– Change in Service Name Change Change in Product Acquisitions & Mergers Change in market Place New Product Launch Rebranding

Is Technology Making Us Stupider

Nicholas Carr starts his essay with the observation that his win book reading and long article writing habits have suffered immensely due to lack of concentration which can be attributed to the time being spent on the internet. He goes on to say that the human beings are developing a new reading habit which he doesn't think is best suited given that there is much less concentration and even lesser contemplation. While commenting on how the future researcher will not do a lot of reading, Carr paints a sad picture of the new generation of readers.While accepting that his work has o backing from neurology and other brain related science, Carr presents a theory that unlike the ability to speak, which he says comes naturally, the ability to read has to be taught. Here in he says the internet is doing no good to that particular ability. Carr makes a reference to the great German philosopher Nietzsche and his use of the typewriter. He quips about how the typewriter had made the philosopher' s work even more abrupt. Carr then reaches the central topic of his essay – the effect of internet on the cognitive ability of man.He says that man had a series of intellectual tasks in his daily routine all of which have now been taken over by the internet He further adds that the style of the internet has been adopted by other media as well, further denting man's cognitive ability. Another key aspect of the internet that Carr says has dumber down the human brain is the conversion of an abstract concept to a concrete knowledge. This he says was previously done by the human being as an intellectual exercise but has now been taken over by the computers.Carr ends his essay on the note that in the past some great hinders such as Socrates and Sacrificing have expressed similar concerns about new ideas such as the written language and printed working. On this note, he leaves the question open to the reader (Carr). Steven Johnson bases his book on denying the argument that pop cult ure has affected human intelligence negatively. He first refers to the sleeper curve to make a point that even the society that existed before us had not discovered how cream pies could be a nutritious diet.However here he denies that just the fact about sleeper curve, which itself he draws from the movie Sleeper, can exhaustively prove his argument. He then goes on to suggest that the video games of today, contrary to popular perceptions Of spreading addiction through violent and vulgar content, are instead addictive because of their structural superiority. He says the games give the mind a lot to think and organize – a task previously not natural to the human cognitive process. He further speaks about television and says that the TV has taken the understanding of the emotional quotient to a higher level.He gives the example of reality shows and says that these shows have got a realistic understanding of the complex human engagements and relationships. While speaking about t he evolution of films, Johnson says that stories are no more being spoon-fed to the audience. Symbolic references made to help the audience understand moments like flash-back have reduced and it is now assumed that the audience will understand what is going on. This he says has helped the people explore and express their cognitive self – much more than in the past (Johnson). Studies have found that the human brain's evolution ceased over a thousand years ago (Connors).The technological advances that have been made in recent history have only served to compensate in the declining intellect of the human mind. While people who live between 2000 to 6000 years ago had to depend greatly on their mental strength to solve problems, the current availability of technology and inventions eliminates this need greatly. However, â€Å"the decline in intellect itself is not associated with the advent of technology but to deterioration in human genes† (Connors). Neither of the two the orists – Carr and Johnson have made scientific claims in their arguments.These arguments however are presented in a logical format with each claim being justified by significant arguments. Critics have remained vastly dismissive of both the arguments, calling the latter – an absolution for couch potatoes and the former a little too mournful too early. It is therefore clear that a real understanding of the effect of internet on the human mind can only be justified through neurological correlations and studies. However, human intellect has witnesses a decline for several thousands of years and hence it cannot be solely attributed to technology.

Airline Deregulation essays

Airline Deregulation essays The airline deregulation act is considered as one of the important economic policies of the United States of America. The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 controlled all the airliners in US till the rising fuel costs and increasing public pressure forced the government to deregulate the airlines in 1978. The airlines deregulation act, signed on October 1978 removed the barriers and opened the way for a new market. The previous price controls and route restrictions were withdrawn and this offered airliners the freedom to set competitive prices. The public were the immediate beneficiary of the deregulation act as it made air travel more affordable for them. The deregulation act had a multi pronged effect as it reduced the prices, created more businesses and jobs and improved the operating efficiency. [Christine Chmura] Deregulation creates an open market that generates more competition, which ultimately favors the consumer. This contrasts with a monopoly or oligopoly situation where only a single or a few giants take control of the market. Before the opening up of the market traveling prices were unbelievably high as there were only very few companies in the field and the whole market profits were shared amongst them. . However the opening up of the market had serious implications for some of the old companies. While many old airline services like Pan American, Frontier struggled under the open market new entrants like South West airlines', Peoples Express', etc had great success. People's Express' in particular offered highly competitive prices and with a flourishing business the airliner earned a revenue of more than $1 billion between 1980 and 1985. [Asif Siddiqi]. The success of the airline deregulation did have a tremendous impact on many other sectors particularly the transport sector. The whole industry structure has changed in the transport sector. The net result of...

The Real Meaning of a Labor Day in the United States

The Real Meaning of a Labor Day in the United States Labor Day: What it Means Have you ever known something special about the first Monday of September? Every year, it brings not only the beginning of the golden season of the year but a celebration of Labor Day. This day was created to honor all the working people in the country and all over the world. At this time, a national labor movement started to function in the USA, as well. Being persistent all year long, workers have a chance to enjoy a day for a rest. Nationwide people give gratitude to fortitude and powers of endurance of every single worker passionately discharging his or her obligations. The Holidays Adoption With each year, the government pays more attention to Labor Day. Therefore, it is a legal national holiday now. However, the situation was completely different before 1885. That days, the first bill was already elaborated but this proposal was not still accepted by the legislature. On February 21 in 1887 the Oregon authorities passed the law. Then, many states one by one took the same measures. Among them were: Massachusetts, Colorado, New York and New Jersey. Nebraska, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania followed only ten years after the bill was introduced to the government. Creator of Labor Day A century after Labor Day establishment, historians still argue about a person who came up with the idea of the holiday. There are some facts which witness Peter J. McGuire be one of the first initiators. He was a secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters, and Joiners and at the same time was an honorable member of the American Federation of Labor. Being active, McGuire took part in various social activities and has done a lot to promote the idea of Labor Day. How an Initial Celebration Was Held Previously, Central Labor Union developed a plan of the occasion. They have chosen New York to be the first city to meet the festivities. Starting from that time, 5th of September became a stable date of the day for all the states in America. Similar labor organizations step-by-step occurred in other states and worked out their strategies for civic activities and defending the rights of an average working man in the country. There is no doubt of the holidays significance. A century ago, people were persevering to get a right to live a fulfilling life. This holiday was a confirmation and remembrance of someone who spends his days and powers to invest in countrys economy and industry.

American Indians Essay Research Paper American IndiansThroughout

American Indians Essay, Research Paper American Indians Throughout the history of the United States, American Indians have be treated ill. Ever since the white work forces crossed the Atlantic ocean 200 old ages ago till the mid 1900 s, the hapless intervention and violent death of Indians neer ceased. US Policies passed between the Revolutionary War and the mid 1900 s hurt American Indians and set them at an utmost disadvantage. Before the Revolutionary War, the first intimation that the relationship between the American Indians and the white people would be rocky was when the British ordered the Proclamation of 1763. It prohibited any white colonists to settle West of the Appalachian Mountains because of legion struggles with the American Indians. After the Revolutionary War, the construct of Manifest Destiny, to spread out the state to the Pacific Ocean and perchance Canada and Mexico, motivated many Americans to look beyond their districts. After the Revolutionary War, they successfully gained all the land E of the Appalachian Mountains, from the St. Lawrence River to the 31st analogue. When the United States signed the Treaty of Versailles in 1783, it gave them the Great Lakes and Mississippi. The United States were able to spread out even more after they were able to press the Native Americans to give up their lands in the Northwest District in 1784 and 1785. In 1802, all the provinces had given up their districts to the federal authorities as portion of the new Constitution. Most significantly, when North Carolina gave up its districts, it stopped doing payments that were guaranteed to the Indians in earlier pacts. The United States were to pay off the debt, but they failed to make so. A big part to the enlargement of the United States was acquired through the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. Then in 1819, Florida was purchased from the Spaniards. Texas freed itself from Mexico in 1845, became an independent province, and joined the United States. Last, in 1848 the last major land the United States obtained was Californ ia and New Mexico from the Mexican Cession. On the seventy-fifth birthday of the state, the United States had fulfilled its Manifest Destiny and its boundary lines crossed the full North American Continent ( Jones, Pg. 9-12 ) . The problem for the American Indian began here. With all the new land acquired, many white Americans headed to the West and mid-west to settle. During these colonies, the Indians got in the manner. The colonists were taking their land off from them and the white colonists killed the Indians to acquire rid of their jobs easy. In the heads of many white Americans, the best manner to work out the job with Indians interfering was to kill off them. The first major conflict that erupted between the Indians and the Americans over land ownership and Indian intervention from the Americans occurred during the War of 1812. In 1813, the Indians along with their Alliess the British, fought the Americans at the Battle of the Thames River. Here Tecumseh died. Tecumseh was the leader of the Shawnee Tribe who besides led and united many Indian folks to drive the Americans off of their land. After he died, the Indians lost an of import leader and hence lost their sense of way and stopped contending fo r awhile. In 1828, Andrew Jackson, the war hero who defeated the Creeks and British became the new President of the United States. Andrew Jackson was considered a frontier adult male. The Americans on the frontier looked up to him and expected him to hold a no-nonsense policy toward the Indians ( Jones, Pg. 19 ) . The Cherokee Indians were the first Indians to be a victim of the Jackson policy. At the clip, the Cherokees were the most comfortable Indian state. The white colonists in the country began to bust the Cherokees. The federal authorities did nil about this. But when the Cherokees retaliated against the white colonists, the Cherokees were tried and punished badly. Finally, the Cherokees got fed up and appealed to the federal authorities and worked ferociously to maintain the pact duties that required the United States federal authorities to protect the Cherokees and their lands. But the federal authorities said that the white colonists who took their land were excessively legion to be moved and therefore were unable to assist the Indians. So alternatively of following the pact with the Cherokees, the federal authorities under the Jackson disposal took land off from them. The Cherokees brought their instance to the Supreme Court to seek justness. Rather, the United States Senate ratified the Treaty of New Echota and President Jackson signed the pact into jurisprudence leting the authorities to take all Cherokees from their land ( Satz Pg. 20 ) . This determination by President Jackson was the first in a series of monolithic Indian remotion ( Gilbert Pg.23 ) . Finally, the Cherokees were forced to fly to Indian Land, besides known as Oklahoma. After the successful remotion of the Cherokees, the federal authorities decided to take the Choctaws, Creeks, and Chickasaws to Oklahoma every bit good. The Indians were harassed by the Whites and suffered from diseases while going to Oklahoma on the trail known as the Trails of Tears ( Gilbert Pg. 27,28 ) . In 1832, US troop s chased the Sauk state across the Mississippi River. They killed at least 200 Sauks. As a consequence of this inhumane act, the federal authorities gave the staying Sauks their ain land in Iowa. Most of the remotions made by the United States authorities were conducted without believing about the comfort or wellness of the Indians. Most of the clip, they were conducted with ferociousness ( Jones, Pg. 23 ) . The Indians were forced to walk 100s of stat mis because the authorities did non supply them with good transit. Besides, the United States authorities promised lodging, nutrient, farm supplies, and farm animal to get down them out at their new locations, but they turned out to be false promised and hopes for the Indians. In most instances, the Indians were normally dropped off in the wilderness and left there to last on hardly nil. Other times when they reached their new locations, before they knew it, they were being removed to another location. This procedure was repeated over and over until the Westward Movement. The Westward Movement caused even more problems for American Indians. The Westward Movement began after gold was found in California. Many colonists and gold diggers traveled to the West for many different grounds. The authorities prepared to seek and forestall any struggle and confrontation between the Whites and the Indians before it happened by directing the US Army to modulate. They built garrisons and forts for this ground. Army functionaries were sent west to do understandings and pacts with the Indians. Besides, their occupation was to do certain that the pacts and understanding were non to be violated by both parties. From 1778-1871, the federal authorities made 389 pacts with the Indian states. The conditions of the pacts were that if the United States were to take any of the Indians billion estates of land, so the authorities would pay for the land and give them one-year rentes and supplies. Besides, the Indians would ever hold land for themselves. These lands would be free from revenue enhancement. Unfortunately, the pacts were frequently broken. Settlers ignored the pacts and invaded and settled on Indian district guaranteed under the pact. The Fort Laramie Treaty, which was signed in 1868 is an illustration of a broken pact ( Utley Pg.61,86 ) . The Indians were given sole rights to the sacred land of the Black Hills. Then in 1874, when gold was discovered at that place, the white gold diggers and mineworkers ignored the pact and invaded the Indian district. When these colonists invaded their land and the authorities did non make anything about it, the Indians took action and attacked the colonists. The victim of these Indian foraies felt that the authorities should be protecting them from the Indians, because they felt they had non done anything incorrect. Again, the authorities did non make anything. So this clip the colonists retaliated against the Indians by themselves. Besides killing guiltless Indians and occupying their land, the white colonists showed no regard for the land. They destroyed the grass and tree, about killed all the game for pleasance that the Indians depended on for endurance. By 1871, tenseness a nd struggle between the Indians and the colonists grew even stronger. The white people wanted the authorities to give them entree to Indian land while the Indians wanted the authorities to maintain their word, follow the pact, and protect their lands. In order to run into the demands of the white people, the federal authorities decided to hold a new policy. The policy was to hold no more pacts with the Indians. They were no longer be considered as independent states. Hostile Indians were to be captured by the US ground forces and set in Indian reserves. If they resisted to travel to a reserve they were considered hostile. To do it easier to direct all the Indians to the reserves, the authorities urged white huntsmans and sportswomans to kill off the American bisons. This was the most of import game that the Indians depended on to populate. Between 1872 and 1874, white huntsmans and sportswomans killed about four million American bisons, go forthing about 150,000 ( Brash Pgs. 62, 66,67 ) . Reservation life was awful for the Indians. Most of the Indian reserve were wasteland. They were inhabitable. Indians were frequently expected to farm on these barren, which was rather impossible. Indian Reservations became crowded as more and more American indians were being pushed and moved off their ain land. Another job was that the Indians were frequently sent to reserves that were non suited for them. For illustration, the Navajos, Indians who live in the hot desert, were sent to a reserve across the state to Florida. And the Sioux Indians, Indians who lived in the cool fields, were sent to reserves in the desert of New Mexico. The hapless and crowded conditions on the reserves caused lifelessly diseases to distribute and caused 1000s of deceases on the reserves. Many of the Indians became fed up with reserve life, and left. Many folks formed impermanent confederations with each other to salvage themselves. They were successful at the Battle of Bighorn in 1876 where they defeated General George Custer. Even though they were winning, this merely angered the white people even more. Armies were doubled as a consequence of this. As they lost conflicts, they found it more hard to contend on ( Billard Pg. 338-339 ) . Every clip they were defeated, all their properties would be destroyed. They would hold been lucky to populate. In 1890, Chief Sitting Bull and his 300 guiltless staying Indians were massacred by the US Army in South Dakota. As a consequence of this, many Indian folks gave up hope and surrendered. At the beginning of the twentieth, there were about 250,000 Indians in the United States. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was formed under the Department of War. The duty of the agency was to see that the best involvement of the Indians were served and to make up ones mind what those involvements were. But the Bureau was made up of white males. They were frequently bias towards the Indians. This hurt the Indian civilization and future coevalss because now the end of the agency and federal authorities was to educate all Indians and do them bury their old ways and traditions. Slowly, they were seeking to wipe out the Indian traditions and civilization off. The new coevalss of Indians were taken off to get oning school. They were non allowed to talk their native linguistic communication. They were forced to pattern Christianity. They were told that their Indian heritage were non approved by American society ( Billard Pg. 341-384 ) . As of today, Indians still live on reserves. They do non hold to pay revenue enhancements. The American Indians today are good treated. They are considered Americans today and have equal rights merely as any other ethic groups in the United States. Although the American Indians are treated every bit today, they were non treated every bit for the past 200 old ages. The white work forces came across the sea and invaded their land. All they could make was ticker and seek to contend back, but that did non work for them. The future coevalss were greatly affected by this because the sad events did non let them to hold every bit many chances and easiness to larn about their roots and tradition.

Monetary Theory of Germany Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Monetary Theory of Germany - Research Paper Example The Bundesbank Act of 1957 birthed the central bank of Germany. In the period since the independent Bundesbank has been successful in pursuing price stability. In fact, the ECB and other central banks in the EU transition economies have been modeled after it. The Bundesbank, by any definition of targeting, cannot be defined as a monetary targeter (Haan 67). Instead, it consciously uses its monetary targets as a signaling framework for intent and explaining its policies to the public. This has given the monetary stance taken by the bank an increased level of transparency, which has, in turn, enhanced its flexibility when it comes to economic responses such as the reunification process. Another step that the bank has taken to its benefit has been its independence from control by political events. The Bundesbank has taken transparency in a meaningful manner and has announced, publicly, its medium-term policy goal of a 2% inflation rate and given information regarding its economic outcomes and policies that are necessary assessing the bank’s performance. Its steps towards this direction have proven that accountability to the standard that clearly helps rather than stands in the way of central bank independence in the long term. The highest form of praise for the successful steps taken by the Bundesbank over the past years has been imitation by other central banks. This has especially been so because of its independence from political control, a legal statement that commits itself to price stability, and monetary target adoption. (Haan 70). The Bundesbank is not a monetary targeter. However, this does not imply that inflation in Germany has stayed low due to fac tors beyond the bank’s control or luck. Historical records, as well as those from the past five years, have shown a different utilization of monetary targets. It uses the targets as a signaling framework. On top of increased transparency, the Bundesbank has taken to disciplined discretion (Haan 70). This is neither a complicated hidden law followed by the Bundesbank or the occurrences that follow when conservative central banks possess autonomy. It means that the bank has committed itself in publicly clarifying the stance and intent of its monetary policy regarding its

Fundamentals of Decision Support Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fundamentals of Decision Support - Essay Example Some more problems arise which may be linked with increasing the size of the facility. Consequently the cost of operation of the facility will shoot creating another problem. Industry siting may be regulated the existing state regulations’ and local laws. ‘This imposes another problem due the technique of increasing the size of the facility in each region in order curb diseconomies of scale. (Watzlawik) Completion for raw materials by other companies which are related to plastic manufacturing company may also impose another threat. In this case growth of different facilities in different regions may be returded. (Michael, 2009) Technological change can also affect manufacturing and also the utilization of the plastic product hence affecting the growth of plastic manufacturing companies in different regions The increase in the size of the company or organisation leads to the overload of management team due to large scale operations which draw the attention of the managers all through. (Guttmann, Michael, & John). A larger number of employees are employed which requires maximum supervision to ensure smooth operation of the company. Managers should ensure that company resources and materials are not wasted. As a result of overworked management, minimal supervision and control of staff operation emerges leading to laxity of cost of production control. Scale enlargement of the facility in an region of the world could lead to decreased attention on customers individual taste .goods of the same quality are produced consequently as a result of large economies of scale. Fall in demand of the plastic product follows. Hired employees controls the operation of the large sized business in absenter of the owners There usually be loss of personal interaction between the employer and employees which can later lead to staffs strikes and lack outs .This

Do media images of family or marriage help us or hurt us Essay - 1

Do media images of family or marriage help us or hurt us - Essay Example The first point that supports my view is that what media most of the time provides is an altruistic picture that rarely comes true. For instance, it is rather impossible for most males to become the so-called Mills and Boon hero with a highly masculine body, high cheekbones that indicate intelligence, and a repertoire full of romance. In addition, he is supposed to possess unlimited wealth and influence, that is, the minimum standard set is a James Bond. In the case of female, the picture the media provides is that of an alluring goddess who always smells nothing less than rose, and who is always eager to have her ‘right man’ holding her hand and leading her gently to the most expensive restaurant. As people are fed this picture, they get unsatisfied in their marital life when they come to realize that their partners fall short of their expectations. Thus, for many ladies, a husband who does not look like Tom Cruise is a matter of inferiority complex that they have to su ffer due to bad luck. Thus, evidently, the beautiful picture provided by media on family and marriage is most of the time far from reality and hence highly destructive when taken to heart. Now, a look into the works of various scholars will confirm this opinion as truth. For example, studies have proved that heavy viewers of television tend to perceive being single as negative and believe that families in real life show support and concern for each other. However, the ones who are addicted to soap operas believe that the number of illegitimate children, divorces, extra marital affairs and happy marriages are all higher in number than they really are. Yet another point that goes strongly against media is that it promotes the stereotyping of male and female roles in families and marriages. For example, the general notion that media is interested in promoting is that females are the happiest at home raising

1. A Moral Dillema & What is Moral Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1. A Moral Dillema & What is Moral - Essay Example The responsibility of the student is towards both his widower mother and his lost brother. It is now in his hands to choose as to which responsibility he would fulfill. I believe that the student should never leave his home to fight the Nazis as he would not be able to kill the specific person who killed his brother. Based on moral grounds the lost person cannot be revived again by fighting with the Nazis. The student can perhaps live at home and serve his mother as she is a widow and already suffering from the death of her son. The student can take over the place of his brother and meet all the demands of his mother as she would have wanted from his brother. This decision would help to bring out a positive outcome overall as it would save both the mother and student’s life. It would help the mother to be happy with what she is left with in this world. Over the years it is seen that the controversy regarding piracy of music has taken a new shape. Many registered companies have filed a complaint against different software issuers for pirating music. Even nowadays it is seen that music and movies are available online without any copyright charges. It is a blessing for some people who get the music and movies in free whereas some decide not to buy pirated music and movies as it is considered as a fraud by the people. A question arises regarding the copyrights of music, movies and books over the internet analyzing the current situation. It can be answered by examining the different views of different people. Piracy of these things has become an issue because of the easy access that people have been given. The unregulated distribution of these works should be prohibited over the internet as this line of distribution takes away the line of profit from the manufacturers. It has been found that many of the Internet users prefer using things for free rather than paying for them. One may not want to buy music if he is getting the same music for free

US-Iran Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Annotated Bibliography-Sheila Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Annotated Bibliography-Sheila - Coursework Example It is significant, however, on how data archiving is such a difficult task to the organizations. Dregan, A., Grieve, A., van Staa, T., Gulliford, M. C., & eCRT Research Team. (2011). Potential application of item response theory to the interpretation of medical codes in electronic patient records. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), 168-168. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-168 The article is a publication of the BioMed Central limited. The study observes that electronic patients are usually coded but the use of this systems are not apparent to the health provider hence proposes the use of item response theory to eliminate the problem. It offers for further studies on how the characteristics of the patients can be differentiated. The review is very extensive and uses other studies to justify the research making the reader integrate the topic quickly. Data was collected by grouping members from similar families in the United Kingdom and codes established for identification. The health care though should take care of records of particular patients that ensure accurate advice since health is such a critical matter. Duranti, L. (2010). Concepts and principles for the management of electronic records, or records management theory is archival diplomatics. Records Management Journal, 20(1), 78-95. doi:10.1108/09565691011039852 Emerald publishing group limited are the publisher of the journal. It postulates that data that is archived by an organization should represent facts hence establishing on how electronic management can be done within firms. The study does not provide for other studies and knowledge of the study do not exist either. The review is detailed and inclusive that provides for a good understanding of the study. The author analyzes the problems that are associated with archives and meanings of electronic records to generate data that is

US-Iran Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US-Iran Conflict - Essay Example Accordingly, the following discussion will provide a detailed overview and step-by-step analysis of the chronological progression of Iran’s nuclear program and the means by which its relations with the United States and other global powers has become strained as a result. The first internationally reported news concerning Iran’s nuclear program came from a dissident group known as the national Council of resistance of Iran. Accordingly, this particular group revealed the fact that they were in fact to nuclear sites that were under construction within a run at the current time; one uranium enrichment facility and one heavy water facility. It is been speculated by many individuals that these facilities and their existence had been leaked to this particular group by powerful intelligence agencies that had long known of their existence (Ezeozue, 2013). As a direct result of this admission, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) demanded that Iran provide access to these sites so that monitoring could be conducted. Iran initially noted that such a request was irrelevant as the international treaties that were established concerning monitoring of nuclear facilities stipulated that they should only be monitored six months prior to coming online; something that Iran noted was not yet a reality for the facilities in question (Aghazadeh, 2013). Regardless of this the human denial, Iran eventually gave way and provided the IAEA inspectors access anyway. In May 2003, and â€Å"grand bargain† was suggested. This grand bargain was one in which full and transparent access to the nuclear program of Iran would be provided in exchange for security guarantees and the normalization of diplomatic relations between Iran and the United States. The underlying reason for this offer had to do with the fact that Iran was

Teacher Career Essay Example for Free

Teacher Career Essay When I was five, my mom asked me what do you want to be when you grow up. My answers were Batman, hero or Red Ranger. Then when I was ten she asked again; I answered rock stars or cowboy. Now that I have grown up, she wanted a serious answer. Finally, I could tell her that I want to be a teacher, possibly as a math teacher. It was very hard time for me to think about this decision about the career in teaching. There is a lot of work that goes into becoming a high school teacher. It required a variety of skills and aptitudes including working with children, but I am willing and ready to accept that challenge. â€Å"Education is the job that has a number of requirements. As a teacher you have to be organizational, administrative, recordkeeping abilities; research communication skills; the power to influence, motivate, and train others; patience; creative†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Michael Farr from â€Å"Professional and Related Occupations†, American’s top Jobs for College Graduates. Indianapolis: JIST Works, 2001). Math play important role in life. This is why I would like to become a math teacher. The reason this career interesting me is because I have a lot of experience from what I learned in both of my countries. The first is that teaching, like other professions, utilizes a specialized body of knowledge and translated into lessons for the students at a level they can understand. Second, teaching places emphasis on the decision making which I have to plan lessons by minding goals, objectives and furthermore how my teaching to the students will match their life. Student have to know the reason why they learn math whether they realized it or not. For examples, shoppers use math to calculate change, tax, and sales prices. Cooks use math to modify the amount a recipe will make. Vacationers use math to find time of arrivals and departures to plan their trips†¦ Finally, I’m really respecting the views of the students even if these differ from their own personal views, not embarrassing students, also dealing with those who cheat during the exams. â€Å"Everyone at one time or another believes that the children are the future. The youth stands in front of the door to the future and knowledge is the key. Without this knowledge, the world would be without a future. †(Gilmore, Dorothy. America Federation of Teachers:555 New Jerseys Avenue, 2001). In Vietnam, we say that children are the symbol of little seeds as teachers are the farmers. When a farmer watering into the seeds, they will grow and becoming so many king different trees. I want to be that farmer to take care of my students. I have a passion working with kids, this is why I would like to be there for the ones that want to give up, show them there’s always someone who believes in them and will be there to help them on any possible way. I realized that I also like helping other people learn math, especially those that struggle with it or those who have a disliking for it. As a teacher, I will be able to fulfill my aspirations; both my students and I will learn together. I believe everyone has the capacity and opportunity to be successful in like. I think that having the passion in working with kids/youth makes communication easier such as educational and friendly. I also have a good sense of humor is one of those traits that will help my students become more comfortable and it grabs their attention. There will not any pressure or violent in my classroom. â€Å"A teacher generally works between 175 and 180 days for a school year. Also, beginning salaries for secondary school teacher can range from $26, 598 to $27, 896 per year. † (Brendon, Stuart. Top 100 Careers. Chicago: Chicago Board of Education, 2002. ) In teaching, the disadvantages are more than advantages: low salaries relative to the work, teaching large classrooms, small school budgets But it doesn’t matter to me. I still want to be a teacher. It is a stable job! I don’t care so much about the salary because in every month though it is not very high. Therefore my life will not be affected by the change of economy. As a teacher, I can get respected by everybody. No matter how famous a person has become, students will never ignore their teacher. It feels good knowing I am able to help and guide someone through not only schoolwork but also life, as is true with young people. Being needed by young people gives me that desire to put forth-extra effort during each day and really giving them something to look forward to. My chosen career path has been an ongoing source of personal inspiration and growth. It helps me to define who I am and what I am about. It helps guide me through my life and provides a safe hold as I weather the storms of life. My career teaches me of my love teaching and how important education is to everyone. I want to teach them what I have been go through. There is no word to describe how happiness I am when my students get good grades in my class. The rewards I have received from my career have been so plentiful that they continue to fuel my desire to reach my ultimate mission. My intent to become a source of inspiration for others, helping to give back the guidance that others have provided for me.

Causes of Racial Discrimination in Australia

Causes of Racial Discrimination in Australia Introduction Background Racial discrimination is any conduct based on a distinction, which have no relation either to individual capacities or to the concrete behavior of the individual person (Brodersen,1999).The issue is extremely significant as it involves the rights of people. This report aims to outline the issue of racial discrimination in Australia by providing background information and explaining its significance to society. This report discusses the main reason of which cause racial discrimination in Australia, what social issues will arise if racial discrimination is not addressed properly and how to address racial discrimination. Questions What is the main cause of racial discrimination in Australia? What issues will arise in society if racial discrimination is not addressed? How can racial discrimination been eliminated? Analysis of Findings Question 1 What is the main cause of racial discrimination in Australia? Racial discrimination has always been a serious issue in Australia, since more and more immigrants poured into Australia, the migration of Australia grows rapidly. Figure 1(Dixon, 2013) presents the number of immigrants into Australia from 2005 to 2006. It is clearly shows that approximately half of the immigrants are Asian, followed by European and Africa. Figure1: The nationality of immigration into Australia in 2005-2006 (Dixon, 2013) There are reasons for racial discrimination still happening in a modern country like Australia. Firstly, it is the history of Australia that causes the racial discrimination. It stretches back to the 19th century, with the increasing of gold prospectors, causing Australia ethnic contradictions tend to deepen. Therefore, the immigration policy limit non-white immigrations to Australia, particularly Asian immigrations, this is the white Australia policy(Dixon,2013). On the other hand, the indigenous people also played an important role in racial discrimination. Since 1788, Captain Phillip led the first European whites began to come to Australia. At the same time, different color, different beliefs of immigration continuously come to this remote continent (Mukherjee 2014).However, many indigenous people were living in the Australian mainland and they had clan groups. The whites broke the quiet life of the indigenous people by thinking that the territory was free for them to use. The whites even took the land that the aboriginal live on, which completely ignored the existence of the indigenous people and their needs. Even when Australia federated in 1901, the Constitution did not classify Aboriginal people as Australian citizens. Since 1788, captain Phillip led the first European whites began to come to Australia. At the same time, different color, different beliefs of immigration continuously come to this remote continent. After the Second World War, many new countries appeared in Asia. It was going to be bad for Australia if it continues to enforce the white Australia policy. â€Å"In 1958, the federal government abolished the white Australia policy. Then the Australian immigration will proceed without discrimination of race, color, religion policy† (Chingaipe, 2014).This policy is a great progress, liberate the limitation of people who are likely to immigrate to Australia. Furthermore, â€Å"For many white-Australians, there was a fear of loss and displacement† (The Guardian,2014). Fear is one of the biggest contributors of racism especially because the whites are worried that the foreign populations would replace them. Figure 2 represents the population increasing in Australia in 2001-2006, it can be seen that Chinese is the mainstream country of migration (Hong,2007).Many Australian felt threatened by the Chinese, who were known to be hard workers and to be accustomed to working long hours. They think those cheap labors would take the jobs of the white-Australian workers. Therefore, it would lower the working standards for white-Australian workers. It was these racist beliefs which formed the basis of a growing notion to keep non-whites out of Australia. Figure2: Increase in Population in 2001 to 2006 by state in Australia (Hong,2007) In conclusion, the existence of racial discrimination is due to numerous factors. Both historical root and more and more immigrants are the most important reasons why racism can not disappear. In addition, due to racism does alive in Australia, different kinds of social issues become to arise. Question 2 What issues will arise in society if racial discrimination is not addressed? It probably will become a negative impact on people’s mental and physical health if racism still exists. The research to date shows that racism makes a significant contribution to these health outcomes. For instance, it would cause diabetes and other external diseases, which can be seen in figure 3 (humanrights,2012). Its well known that Indigenous Australians have a far lower life expectancy than other Australians and have exceedingly high rates of diseases and other health problems preciselyas aresultofracism. Figure 3: Selected underlying causes of death as proportion of total deaths, by Indigenous status 2009 (humanrights, 2012) A report shows that more than 27% of Aboriginal people had experienced discrimination in 2012-2013. Also, 75% of Aboriginal people frequently experiences race discrimination when using primary health care services(Szoke,2012) .According to this, it is evident to say that not only racial discrimination is still alive in Australia, but has also caused numerous grim tribulations to the Aboriginal peoples, who are the majority of the victims. Despite being part of society, they still can not use the public facilities or welfare services successfully, and endures the injustice caused by the native people. Secondly, racial discrimination might tend to cause people to do unhealthy activities such as smoking, alcohol and drug taking. It even contributes to people committing suicide. Recent data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) shows that Indigenous Australians are twice as likely to die by suicide, and three times more likely to experience psychological distress (The Guardian, 2014).Due to those unjust treatments, the stress that the aboriginal person suffer from is far more than the whites. When they are in a public place, people will tell a joke behind their backs. When the indigenous children study at school, they would be isolated by other non-indigenous children. All of these situations appear very often during their whole life, and the consequences of these are participating in unhealthy activities. Furthermore, racism also affects people’s employment opportunities. The unemployment of Indigenous people far exceeds the non-indigenous people. According to the latest figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), â€Å"only 55.8 per cent of working age Indigenous Australians are actively participating in the labor force, compared to 76.4 per cent of the non-Indigenous population†(Busyatwork, 2013). Also, from figure 4, it states that the employment outcomes for the Indigenous population are mostly in a negative growth. In contrast, employment outcomes for the non-Indigenous population stayed relatively stable. The gap in outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians becomes widened .In fact, there is no doubt that the employer would rather to employ a non-indigenous person than an indigenous person, which is theirinherent cognition. However, such a behavior ignores the feeling of the indigenous people and also plunders their job opportunities wi thout a reason. Figure 4: Change in Indigenous employment outcomes by state – 2006 to 2011 (The conversation, 2012) In conclusion, it is obvious that racism has become a significant influence among the indigenous people. They suffer from a variety of harms without a reason, even violence. All of these stresses will cause health problems to them. Consequences are racial discrimination causes them to never be same as other local people, who are treated more fairly. Question3 How can racial discrimination be eliminated? In actual fact, there is no specific way to solve racial discrimination at all. However, it can be diminished a little through some solutions. For example, education that insists on racial equality can decrease racial discrimination. Also, both government and the media power would play a significant role. Firstly, the easiest and effective solution here is education. Parents and teachers should not tell any racist jokes to the children as by these jokes, children might consider racism as a correct thing. Furthermore, they should teach children racial equality and there are no superior races or anything (Szoke,2012). As they learn from young that racism is criminal and a serious thing, they are not going to do it again when they grow up. Therefore, racial discrimination will be improved bit by bit from a generation to the next generation. On the other hand, the law that relates to eliminating racism should be promulgated by the government, which can restrict some extreme behaviors. The Racial Discrimination Act was enacted in 1975. â€Å"The Act prohibits race discrimination and gives people who have been discriminated against, whether in the workplace, education or in accessing goods and services, the opportunity to obtain redress by apply for complaint with the Australian Human Rights Commission†(Thomson,2012). The Act is such an effective in eradicating discriminations such as people not being hired or could not get access to services because of their race. This act protects people who experience direct or indirect discrimination and they cancomplainto the Commission which also creates a chance to protect their rights(Sweet,2014).The act gives effect to Australia’sinternational human rights commitment. Once when someone gets unfair treatment from others, the act allows him or her to complain. Although the act does not work well, it does minimize the racial discrimination. It is impossible to get rid of racial discrimination completely in Australia, which is a deep existence in the culture more than numbers of years. Everyone has their own human right and they should protect and insist to their own right. Racism is an unrealistic thought and also could not be solved effortlessly at this moment. However, some organizations and institutions, including government and the media, can implement some measures to achieve denial of racism ultimately. Conclusion Recommendation Albeit racial discrimination does live in Australia due to many reasons, it does not mean that people have to adapt it or endure it without any reactions. In the evidence being shown here in the report, the government does do some helpful implements to minimize racism. Therefore, it can be said that as long as the government, the media powers and the individual person who are willing to contribute, it would make a bright future to the next generation. Evaluation Research The biggest problem was finding a relevant table or figure and that took me the longest time. Therefore, I need to search for them through other ways. In addition, I have to search the information that relevant to Australia only and more recent ones. Thus, it makes it more difficult to find. I did find out other resources- the e-book, which is a good reference for my report. All information in e-book is good to be used. However, it is hard to paraphrase some words. Moreover, it is best that the reference link is done with each question, otherwise it would be quite wasting time to do that later. Oral Presentation A clear point in the presentation is that not only you can hint the audience what you are talking about, but you also can summarize briefly the point. Making a good example relating to the topic can impress the audience. Also, showing a video can attract the attention of the audience so it would not let the presentation be boring. In a presentation, a simplified analysis is good for the audience to know the idea. And through the analysis, the audience can comprehend better what you said. Last but not least, practice is quite important. Through the repetitious practice, it will be the best way to feel confident. Organisation Keeping each question separately is a good idea which does save much time. When you want to do some changes, it is easier just to look for the file you saved, and correct it. After each part is finished and all of them have been checked correctly and then combined together, it makes it more efficient and also it would help to form a good structure. Areas for Improvement It is necessary to search information from different areas, rather than only from websites. Moreover, when the graph or table has been used in the report, it had better be saved in a separate file, as it would easier to correct. Once each question is finished, the reference list had better be finished as well. It will be difficult to go back to write the reference after the whole report has been done.It really wastes time. This time, I am not good at linking some relevant tables or graphs, as it is just a few there, and I need large amount of time to do that. Thus, I will definitely do that in future to make sure my report include as much information as possible. Reference List Busy At work 2013, high unemployment among Indigenous Australians, viewed 11 August 2014, http://www.busyatwork.com.au/news/800520116/High-unemployment-among-Indigenous-Australians Dixon,R 2013 â€Å"Immigration and the â€Å"White Australia Policy† viewed 30 July 2014 https://www.marxists.org/history/international/comintern/sections/australia/1945/white-australia.htm Humanrights, 2012 â€Å"Questions and Answers about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples† viewed 11 August 2014 https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/face-facts-2012/2012-face-facts-chapter-1 â€Å"John Howard the false nationalist: Just another traitor in patriot clothing†,2008, destinymagazine,14 February, viewed 30 July 2014 http://www.destinymagazine.info/2008/02/14/3-john-howard-the-false-nationalist/ McCarthy.M 2008, Racism and Structural Solutions, viewed 26 August 2014 http://www.solidarity-us.org/site/node/1609 Mukherjee,R 2014,â€Å"Top 10 Reasons Why Racism still exists† Istcrux, viewed 30 July 2014 http://listcrux.com/top-10-reasons-why-racism-still-exists/ Personally-selected-aboriginal-art,2010 â€Å"A Short Aboriginal History †viewed 30 July 2014 http://www.personally-selected-aboriginal-art.com/aboriginal-history.html Sweet.M 2014, The Racial Discrimination Act needs strengthening – not weakening: a public health perspective, viewed 27 August 2014 http://blogs.crikey.com.au/croakey/2014/03/24/the-racial-discrimination-act-needs-strengthening-not-weakening-a-public-health-perspective/ Szoke, H 2012 â€Å"Racism exists in Australia – are we doing enough to address it?†, human rights, viewed 11 August,2014 https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/racism-exists-australia-are-we-doing-enough-address-it The conversation,2012, â€Å"Closing the gap on Indigenous employment? Notquite† 31 October,viewed 11 August 2014 http://theconversation.com/closing-the-gap-on-indigenous-employment-not-quite-10426 The Guardian 2014, Racism causing mental health issues in Indigenous communities, survey shows, viewed 11 August 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/29/racism-mental-health-indigenous-communities Thomson, N 2010, review of indigenous male health, viewed 11 August 2014, http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/population-groups/men/reviews/our-review

Advertising: Information or Manipulation? Essay -- Marketing Business

Advertising: Information or Manipulation? In today’s difficult economy who can afford to spend their hard-earned money carelessly? Americans want good quality and low prices, and businesses that advertise their product make saving money possible. Advertising was created for one reason, so businesses could make known their product (Black, Hashimzade, and Myles). Some consumers may argue that advertising is not informative, but that it is manipulative because some advertisements make false claims. Fortunately, there are regulations and consumer rights that promote truth in advertising. Consumers must embrace their rights to keep advertising the way it is meant to be. Advertising is meant to be informative and not manipulative, and consumers play a great role in promoting truth in advertising. Advertising in America was created when businesses wanted to attract customers by providing information about their product or service (Black, Hashimzade, and Myles). Advertising has been used for many centuries, and was even used during the American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783. Businesses used different advertising techniques such as posters and signs to provide consumers with information about their products, and to persuade them to buy American. Before the war, Americans received their goods on ships from England. The American colonies won the war and became the United States of America. Now it was important for Americans to build a strong American economy (Milton 9). Even today American’s are partial to anything that says, â€Å"Made in America.† The economy thrives because of consumerism, so if advertising brings in more businesses than Americans benefit as well. Americans continue to benefit from the use of product and s... ...dleton, Kent R., Robert Trager, and Bill F. Chamberlain. The Law of Public Communication. 5th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2002. 299-341. Print. Milton, Bess. Advertising. New York: Children’s Press, 2004. 9. Print. Mitra, Anu, Mary Anne Raymond, and Christopher D. Hopkins. â€Å"Can Consumers Recognize Misleading Content in a Media Rich Online Environment?.† Psychology & Marketing 25.7 (2008): 655-674. Business Source Complete. ESBCO. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. pdfviewer?vid=4&hid=13&sid=6735641b-1986-4a51-857c-c7676ec5d556%40sessionmgr12>. NAD Review. The Advertising Industry’s Process of Self-Regulation. Council of Better Business Bureaus. 08 Mar. 2010. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. . â€Å"The Pepsi Cola Story.† Pepsi. PepsiCo, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. . Advertising: Information or Manipulation? Essay -- Marketing Business Advertising: Information or Manipulation? In today’s difficult economy who can afford to spend their hard-earned money carelessly? Americans want good quality and low prices, and businesses that advertise their product make saving money possible. Advertising was created for one reason, so businesses could make known their product (Black, Hashimzade, and Myles). Some consumers may argue that advertising is not informative, but that it is manipulative because some advertisements make false claims. Fortunately, there are regulations and consumer rights that promote truth in advertising. Consumers must embrace their rights to keep advertising the way it is meant to be. Advertising is meant to be informative and not manipulative, and consumers play a great role in promoting truth in advertising. Advertising in America was created when businesses wanted to attract customers by providing information about their product or service (Black, Hashimzade, and Myles). Advertising has been used for many centuries, and was even used during the American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783. Businesses used different advertising techniques such as posters and signs to provide consumers with information about their products, and to persuade them to buy American. Before the war, Americans received their goods on ships from England. The American colonies won the war and became the United States of America. Now it was important for Americans to build a strong American economy (Milton 9). Even today American’s are partial to anything that says, â€Å"Made in America.† The economy thrives because of consumerism, so if advertising brings in more businesses than Americans benefit as well. Americans continue to benefit from the use of product and s... ...dleton, Kent R., Robert Trager, and Bill F. Chamberlain. The Law of Public Communication. 5th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2002. 299-341. Print. Milton, Bess. Advertising. New York: Children’s Press, 2004. 9. Print. Mitra, Anu, Mary Anne Raymond, and Christopher D. Hopkins. â€Å"Can Consumers Recognize Misleading Content in a Media Rich Online Environment?.† Psychology & Marketing 25.7 (2008): 655-674. Business Source Complete. ESBCO. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. pdfviewer?vid=4&hid=13&sid=6735641b-1986-4a51-857c-c7676ec5d556%40sessionmgr12>. NAD Review. The Advertising Industry’s Process of Self-Regulation. Council of Better Business Bureaus. 08 Mar. 2010. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. . â€Å"The Pepsi Cola Story.† Pepsi. PepsiCo, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. .