The Changing Pronunciation of Leisure

The Changing Pronunciation of Leisure The Changing Pronunciation of Leisure The Changing Pronunciation of Leisure By Maeve Maddox At the point when I was around ten years of age, my auntie gave me a membership to a Disney comic. I recall one issue in which Donald Duck and his nephews had a fortune map. Caught saying that he was looking for covered fortune, Donald attempted to mislead the reprobate whod heard him by asserting that what hed truly said was looking for rushed recreation. That was in the Fifties. When the relaxation suit rage struck in the Seventies, relatively few Americans were articulating recreation to rhyme with measure. On second thought, I dont know about any individual who articulates covered to rhyme with rushed. Here are the present American ways to express these words: covered [bä•räd] rushed [hã »rä] treasure [trä•zhé™r] recreation [läzhé™r] albeit a few people despite everything state [lä•zhé™r] What articulation changes have you seen since your were a youngster? Here are a few citations from papers that represent the utilization of this word: travel organization sells weeklong, little gathering outings to Costa Rica, Morocco and Nicaragua. The excursions are part recreation, part administration: schedules incorporate somewhere in the range of two and three days of good cause work, as a team with a nearby (www.nytimes.com) A Tuscan excursion gives explorers a possibility for a urban experience with visits to the craftsmanship exhibition halls of Florence, the engineering of Pisa and the customs of Siena. Tuscany likewise is a goal for a lackadaisical outing that wanders through the open country, stops at wineries for tastings or takes a recreation break in a spa town. Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsDisappointed + PrepositionCharles' Pen and Jesus' Name

Sophocles Antigone Essays - Operas, Antigone, Civil Disobedience

Sophocles Antigone Essays - Operas, Antigone, Civil Disobedience Sophocles' Antigone The discussion over who is the grievous saint in Antigone proceed right up 'til the present time. The conviction that Antigone is the legend is a solid one. There are numerous pundits who accept, in any case, that Creon, the Ruler of Thebes, is the valid hero. I have made my own decisions likewise, in view of what I have inquired about of this work by Sophocles. Antigone is broadly thought of as the grievous legend of the play bearing her name. She would appear to fit the part considering the way that she bites the dust in making the wisest decision. She covers her sibling without stressing what may happen to her. She Mulls over death and the truth that might be past death (Hathorn 59). The individuals who do accept that Antigone was intended to be the genuine lamentable saint contend against other people who accept that Creon merits that respect. They state that the Gods were against Creon, and that he didn't really cherish his nation. His enthusiasm is to tight and negative and his origination of equity is as well selective... to be stately by the name of adoration for the state (Hathorn 59). These contentions, and numerous others, make numerous individuals accept the Antigone is the legitimate hero. Numerous pundits contend that Creon is the heartbreaking saint of Antigone. They state that his honorable quality is his thinking about Antigone and Ismene when thier father was mistreated. Those who ezd behind Creon likewise contend that Antigone never had a genuine revelation, a key component in being a lamentable legend. Creon, then again, understood his misstep when Teiresias made his prescience. He is compelled to live, realizing that three individuals are dead a direct result of his numbness, which is a discipline more regrettable than death. My assessment on this discussion is that Antigone is the awful saint. She attempts to help her sibling without stressing about what will befall her. She says, I plan to give my sibling internment. I'll be happy to kick the bucket in the endeavor, - if it's a wrongdoing, at that point it's a wrongdoing that God orders (Sophocles 4). She was additionally rebuffed for doing what was right. Her revelation came, avoided the crowd, previously she hung herself. Creon's nobleness of taking in youthful Antigone and Ismene is eclipsed by his self absorbed nature. He won't permit equity to come about essentially since he needs to secure his picture. He says, On the off chance that she pulls off this conduct, consider me a lady and consider her a man (Sophocles 13). These components demonstrate that Antigone is the appalling legend. Creon, underezding his numbness may lead one to accept that he is the genuine hero. Be that as it may, in the event that you characterize the word hero you would locate that a hero is one who is a pioneer or supporter of a reason. Antigone is on the side of her own activities in the internment of her sibling Polyneices. She endows that she is doing what the Gods need, in spite of the conviction of Creon. Numerous perusers and pundits may state Creon endured greator hardships. Some may state Antigone never had a revelation. Who would underezd it if their own sibling were left to the winged animals and mutts. There would be no sound reasoning associated with a demonstration like this. These are contentions envolved in concluding who is the heartbreaking legend of Antigone. Pundits, right up 'til today, despite everything contend about who is the appalling saint of Antigone. Many state that Antigone is the heroin. Others state that it is Creon. My exploration favors Antigone as the ideal hero. Regardless of who the peruser sides with, it is concurred by most that there is a substantial contention in any case, considering the way that they both persevere through incredible hardships.

Fanboying at the Career Fair

Fanboying at the Career Fair Picture for me, if you will, all your favorite celebrities. These are people youre in awe of, people you follow on Twitter, people you hold as your role models. They are rock stars and movie stars and talk show hosts and the fabulous glamorous divas of popular culture. Got it? Now imagine that they all convened at one place to throw a huge concert, and afterwards theres a gigantic meet-and-greet. They come armed with free samples of their new music, t-shirts, posters, bracelets, branded water bottles. And they dont just want to meet youtheyre looking for people to go and work for them. People are dressing to the nines and lining up around the block to get in for the chance to talk, face-to-face, with these celebrities, trying to impress them, make friends with them, prove that theyre their number one fans. Get a picture of the pushing crowds and the buzz of excitement. Get a picture of the banners and posters advertising each celebrity, saying, Come to us! Come meet us! Were super cool! Get a picture of all the toys and candy and stickers everyone is giving away. Thats what the MIT Career Fair is like. All the rock stars of the science and engineering world came out to the Johnson Athletic Center looking for new friends to make. DropBox, Facebook, Google, Apple, SpaceX (more on SpaceX later)they were all there. And the line really did stretch all the way down to Mass Ave and around the corner. It took a long, hot hour just to get inside. Now, being a freshman, going to the career fair was kind of like being the twelve-year-old at your big brothers birthday party. Youre kind of cute and everyone smiles at you and gives you cookies, but in the end, most of the people are there for the cool kids: the upperclassmen and grad students with UROPs and past internships and industry experience and higher-level coursework under their belts. That didnt stop me and a good fraction of the freshman class from going to check it out anyway, because, hey, why not? Theres no reason to pass up a chance to chat up celebrities. I had a lengthy discussion with Aurora Flight Sciences about their work with CubeSats (Google CubeSats because CubeSats are really cool  and there is a special place in my heart for CubeSats because I did a research project involving CubeSats during high school).  And the fair was also an opportunity to learn about new and up-and-coming celebrities; for example, today I met Planet Labs, a start-up in San Francisco designing and launching nanosatellites (incidentally, also CubeSats!) for planetary imaging. They even had a super-nifty model (I think it was a model and not the real thing) to share: Which brings me to SpaceX. Ive been using this celebrities metaphor for the career fair but I think SpaceX actually qualifies for celebrity-hood. Theyre the first private organization to send a capsule to the International Space Station, and probably will be the first to take humans up. You know how when NASA multistage rockets launch, the depleted stages detach and just fall into the ocean or burn up in the atmosphere? SpaceX is working on reusable rockets that will fly back to the launch pad and land vertically (as they say, the current state of rocketry is comparable to throwing the airplane away every time you make a flight). SpaceX is quite seriously working on getting a colony on Mars, and soon. They are making history, and, oh, on the side, theyre YouTube stars. This video of one of their Grasshopper tests has upward of 3 million views: Do you see this? You know when you tried balancing broomsticks on end on your hand as a little kid? SpaceX just did that with a broomstick the size of a small skycraper, filled with sloshing fuel, and using rocket engines instead of hands. Now imagine that you had to take a broomstick falling out of the sky and catch it on your hand, balancing it perfectly, and slowly lower it to the ground. Impossible, right? SpaceX is working on making it happen for their reusable rockets.If you havent noticed, Im a gigantic SpaceX fanboy. And you should be too. So, to wrap it up, a summary of the career fair. At the cost of a half-day of time and forgetting to eat lunch, I got:1. A TON of free stuff. Im talking stickers, t-shirts, water bottles, posters, backpackseverything. I picked up a penlight from the SpaceX table and found out later that it wasnt just your typical, run-of-the-mill flashlightit was, in fact, much, much cooler because it projected this: 2. A lot of great advice about what to do with my freshman year. I asked every recruiter what I could do as a freshman to build the kinds of skills and experiences theyre looking for. Get UROPs, they said. Get hands-on experience. Join Design/Build/Fly or the Rocket Team. Heck, join both! Learn Matlab and SolidWorks. Get your hands dirty! Suffice it to say, Ive got a lot of things to get on top of (this will probably be the subject of a future blog post).3. Perspective. Getting out and talking to people really opened my eyes to all the possibilities and opportunites free for the taking, as long as I work towards building the skills and experience to be ready to work in the Real World. The career fair was a great reminder that one day (gasp) I am going to graduate and I will have to get a job and become a productive member of society, and I think its something I should keep firmly in mind as I go through my four years (+grad school, possibly) at MIT. But hey, Im just a freshmanwhat do I know? See you later, Allan

Oil Production Through Horizontal Fracking - 1030 Words

Summary More than 60% of New Mexico is currently in a moderate to extreme drought. Water is a scarce resource in New Mexico, and care should be taken to limit excess water use. Oil production through horizontal fracking requires large amounts of purified water. Each well drilled requires between 3 and 7 million gallons of clean water. In 2012 alone, 482 new wells were drilled in New Mexico, producing more than 3 billion gallons of water waste. Under current regulations, wastewater must be cleaned or disposed of and cannot be reused. Fracking water is difficult to clean, leading many companies to dispose of much of the water deep underground. The water is stored so deep that it is essentially removed from the water cycle. New†¦show more content†¦Since the 19th century, natural gas has been able to be extracted from deposits that are shallow (Schmidt 2013). Just recently, horizontal fracking has become a cost effective option to collect natural gas in shale deposits. This development has caused a boom in the fracking industry. In fact, â€Å"in 2010 shale gas contributed 23% of domestic natural gas production, compared with 2% in 2000† (Schmidt 2013). Horizontal fracking involves pumping a mixture of water and chemicals deep underground in order to fracture shale, thus releasing natural gas trapped therein. While natural gas may be the â€Å"cleanest fossil fuel available,† the process of collecting it is not without environmental concern. At the forefront of environmental issues in fracking are the large use of freshwater in wells and the production of large amounts of wastewater. Hunter (2012) points out that as the fracking boom began, â€Å"speculators rushed into hydrofracking †¦ with little attention to how much water would be needed or the best practices for managing the water when they were done with the wells.† As mentioned before, in the year 2012 alone, more than 3 billion gallons of fracking water waste were produced in the state of New Mexico. While â€Å"conventional gas production generates 65% more wastewater per unit of recovered gas than fracking does† (Schmidt 2013), the use of water by fracking is still of particular to concern to a state like New Mexico

Homelessness A Growing Problem - 1100 Words

Taylor Williams Ms. Eastman Intermediate Writing / 4th hour 3 November 2015 Expository Essay: Homelessness Homelessness is a growing problem in our society and has been going on for decades. This can be caused by common addictions like drugs and alcohol, mental or physical abuse, or even age and sexuality can play a role. Although, most common assumption people make about those who are homeless, is that they became that way because of laziness. While in fact, the most common cause of this issue is job loss. The simplest way to help contribute to the solution of this issue is to do small spontaneous acts of kindness and pay it forward. Those that are lucky enough to have a home, need to be more helpful to those who are less fortunate by doing research and looking more into the topic on ways that they can help. There are numerous explanations as to why someone might be homeless and it’s up to the public to find solutions to the causes of the problem to lessen the effects. Veterans returning back home after being discharged and find that they’re out of money has been a reoccurring problem for years now. This issue is even worse for the veterans who have been discharged for medical reasons because they now have medical bills to pay on top of all the other payments that have accumulated. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless, around 144,000 veterans are homeless on any given night. Post-traumatic stress disorder is also an issue along with brain injuries whichShow MoreRelatedHomelessness Is A Growing Problem1429 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is a growing problem in the U.S according to Rukmana, (2012) â€Å"there is more than 800,000 homeless individuals in the U.S†. People who are homeless have poorer health and higher mortality than the general population, because of these statistics my program will be targeting the homeless population in our Miami-Dade community who are suffering from tuberculous. Tuberculosis have b een recognized as an important health problem among the homeless population, that is why I believe it is veryRead MoreHomelessness Is A Growing Problem Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pageslatest definition of homelessness is, people who live in temporary house, have no tenure and do not have enough space for social relations (Justin 2006). Homelessness is a growing problem in Australia and it has spread quickly and influences to different kind of people. The rapid increase of homeless issues has influenced various people and the government should put forward corresponding solutions for these causes. This essay will introduce five main reasons which cause homelessness and the governmentRead MoreHomelessness Is a Rapidly Growing Problem Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesToday homelessness is a problem in America and always has been an issue. In the United States homelessness has been documented since 1640 and has been growing rapidly since then. There are nearly 630,000 people that are h omeless, that is about the size of Boston! Some people or families that become homeless are due to natural disasters such as tornados, hurricanes, and other related disasters. Some people or families also become homeless due to a loss of a family member, house fires, or gettingRead MoreEssay about The Growing Problem of Child Homelessness in America1957 Words   |  8 Pageslive on the streets. Homelessness is a continuing growing problem, with more and more not just adults but children forced to live on the streets. Homeless people are humans just like us. Being homeless, you are faced with an everyday constant battle just to stay alive. With the government, creating laws that are against them along with being mistreated by society on a daily basis and with little or no support at all makes it very hard to want to survive. Homelessness affects everyone. 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Homelessness is more than just a simple disadvantage; with usually many underpinning factors which contribute to it, such as domesticRead MoreEssay Homelessness in Canada1214 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout this paper I will be discussing the issue of homelessness and how it is steadily becoming a more serious problem as time progresses. I will discuss issues that surround homelessness such as the NIMBY, not in my backyard, issue and how it is causing the homeless to not receive the help that they need. This is an issue that needs to change, but due to NIMBYism, it is very difficult create such change. â€Å"One diverse population that has continued to increase over the quarter of a centuryRead MoreHomeless Research Paper1487 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion people experience homelessness in the US every year (NCH,1). But what is homelessness? Jim Baumohl, a noted author, explained in Homelessness in America, the most common definition of homelessness used by researchers is the â€Å"absence of belonging to a specific place or to people† (NCH, 3). However, there is no set definition, due to the variety of living conditions a homeless person encounters, and the opinions of the researchers. As Baumohl pointed out, â€Å"homelessness is but the latest of manyRead More Homelessness in america Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Here in Tahoe, we are lucky enough to experience a great quality of life, and only a few have to face the horrible life of poverty and homelessness. However, nationwide, even right outside the basin, homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways one can become homeless; for the most part poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of terrain, such as urban or suburban areas. Last

Alcohol and World Health/Hunger Free Essays

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant and possibly one of the oldest known drugs. In America today, it is considered the number 1 drug problem. Over $90 billion is spent yearly by Americans on alcohol. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol and World Health/Hunger or any similar topic only for you Order Now    At least $100 million cost of health care and productivity loss affects the country’s economy each year. According to statistics, there are more than 15 million alcohol-dependent Americans and half a million of this figure belongs to the age bracket of 9-12 Ethyl alcohol or ethanol is the major psychoactive component in alcoholic beverages.   It is produced through the fermentation of sugar by yeast. The percentage of alcohol present in alcoholic beverages varies. Beer has 4-6% alcohol, wine has 7-15% alcohol, champagne has 8-14% alcohol, and distilled spirits have 40-95% alcohol (www.chemcases.com). Due to its small size, molecules of alcohol are quickly absorbed by the intestines. It is also soluble in lipids and water solutions and it gets to the bloodstream easily and travels throughout the human body affecting almost all of the tissues. Consumption of alcohol at moderate and high amounts impairs the functions of the central nervous system, acting on the spinal cord, reticular formation, on a number of neurotransmitter systems, and on the cerebellum and cerebral complex. The gravity of the impairment is dependent on the level of alcohol in the blood. Alcohol has short-term and long-term effects. These effects are influenced by various factors such as gender, age, amount of food taken, physical condition and other drugs taken. Alcohol radically impairs the judgment and coordination necessary to drive a car, even if it is taken at a small quantity. Moderate amount of alcohol can cause talkativeness and dizziness. Incidence of hostile acts like child abuse and domestic violence are also blamed to alcohol. Intake of larger amount of alcohol causes immediate nausea and vomiting, disturbed sleep, and slurred speech. Hangover – headache, dizziness, thirst, and fatigue – is also another effect of alcohol taken in large amounts. The following illnesses are associated with long-term excessive alcohol consumption: high blood pressure and stroke, heart damage, cancers of the digestive system, liver damage, increasing risk of breast cancer, sexual impotence and reduced fertility, brain damage with mood personality changes, sleeping difficulties, and concentration and memory problems   (www.dassa.sa.gov.au). Alcoholism or alcohol dependence is another major consequence of heavy and prolonged use of alcohol. This is a chronic disease from which a person craves for alcohol. Despite the negative consequences that alcohol causes them, like marital problems, medical diseases, vehicular accidents, or loss of job, alcoholics cannot control their drinking. These persons are also unable to stop drinking once started and they become physically dependent on it.   Sudden cessation from a long period of excessive alcohol intake results to withdrawal symptoms, including severe anxiety, nausea, tremors, sweating, convulsions and hallucinations. Alcoholics also develop a higher alcohol tolerance, that in order to reach intoxication, they need to drink in progressive amounts. The prevalence of alcohol dependence is global and affects almost every aspects of the society. According to statistics, alcohol-dependent persons belong to homemakers, successful businessmen, laborers, skilled mechanics, and even church goers. There are roughly 76 million people around the world who suffers from alcohol-related diseases. In the United States alone, more or less 15% of the population is suffering from alcohol-related problems. . It is to be noted that America is not yet in the list of the top 10 alcohol consuming countries: 1. Portugal, 2. Luxembourg, 3.) France, 4.) Hungary, 5.) Spain, 6.) Czech Republic, 7.) Denmark, 8.) Germany, 9.) Austria, and 10.) Switzerland (www.potsdam.edu). Alcohol-related health issue is a worldwide concern. One major factor is the availability and legality of alcohol in almost every country. Despite its known health consequences, alcohol is readily available in almost every groceries and restaurants all around the world. Everyone has access to it, even the minors. In Russia, alcohol dependence is significantly prevalent. Almost more than 30% of the country’s deaths are alcohol abuse-related, directly and indirectly. The effort of the government to control alcohol manufacturing seems futile due to the widespread black market for liquor created by the locals. Countries, such as Japan, drinking is considered a requirement in business transactions, it is a mark of company loyalty. Refusing to accept a drink is regarded as an insult, especially if asked by the superior. Alcohol, not being regarded as a drug, is not of a moral issue in this country. In Tokyo alone, there are about 15,000 bars which employees considered their office extensions. The availability of alcohol is at a high rate with the vending machines dispensing sake and beer all over the country. Currently, there are more than 3 million alcohol dependent Japanese. How to cite Alcohol and World Health/Hunger, Papers

Wilfred Owen War Poems Essay Sample free essay sample

Explain how peculiar characteristics of at least two of Wilfred Owen’s poems set for survey interact to impact your response to them. Wilfred Owen’s war poems cardinal characteristics include the wastage involved with war. horrors of war and the physical effects of war. These characteristics are seen in the verse forms â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† here Owen engages with the reader appealing to the readers empathy that is felt towards the soldier. These verse forms interact to research the experiences of the soldiers on the battlegrounds including the worlds of utilizing gas as a arm in war and aid to foreground the wrong glory of war. This uninterrupted interaction invites the reader to link with the verse forms to develop a more thorough apprehension of war. Dulce Et Decorum Est uses strong imagination all through the verse form which entreaties to the readers imagination so that the reader can seek to understand the experiences of the soldiers. We will write a custom essay sample on Wilfred Owen War Poems Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the start of the verse form the imagination in the simile â€Å"like old beggars† and â€Å"coughing like hags† shows how the immature soldiers are yielding to the physical and mental autumn due to war and now appear old. Here through the pick of words such as â€Å"beggars† which conjures the reader to believe of the soldiers on their custodies and articulatio genuss followed by the word â€Å"hags† proposing the soldiers are old. Continued imagination I used in the following line of the â€Å"haunting flairs which we turned our backs† with the shells and gunshot go oning during the dark behind them even though the soldiers have stopped to rest. A comparing made between the soldiers and automatons is made in line six â€Å"Men marched asleep† connoting that the work forces are walking about in a robotic manner as if the Y were â€Å"designed† to go on walking despite the hurting and weariness. This imagination urges the reader to reflect upon the soldiers atrocious experiences and to see with this cognition how they feel about war. The action of the 2nd stanza of the gas onslaught sees a alteration of gait and a sense of urgency. The attending of the reader is grasped in the line â€Å"GAS! Gas! Quick. boys† and the craze of the line straight correlates to the craze involved during a gas onslaught. The usage of repetitant capitalization of the first â€Å"GAS† and the usage of exclaiming Markss creates this temper. The following line â€Å"An rapture of fumbling† adds to the current verse form ambiance with everyone groping to hold the masks on before being affected by gas. An anti-climax of helmets being fitted â€Å"just in time† misleads the reader into believing that the helmets all were put on successfully but in the undermentioned plosive concurrence â€Å"but† the reader now understands this is non the instance. Again in the last line Owen petitions for the attending of the reader with the personal pronoun and simile â€Å"As under a green sea. I saw him drowning† an image of the fog of green air in which the soldiers disappear in is generated in the head of the reader. The wake o the gas onslaughts is addressed in the last stanza. The reader is now apart of the verse form by the usage of the genitive pronoun â€Å"you too† that imposes the reader to sympathize with the injured victim. The victim is so described by the ghastly initial rhyme and vowel rhyme of â€Å"watch the white eyes wrestling in his face† that together heighten the vivid sight. The go oning imagination of â€Å"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs† uses onomatopoeia to take the reader to believe that war is falsely glorified. The last lines â€Å"My friend. you would non state with such a high zest/ To kids ardent for some despairing glorification. /The old Lie: Dulce et decorousness est Pro patria mori† . Owen is proposing that the interlingual rendition of â€Å"Dulce et decorousness est Pro patria mori† . it is sweet and honorable to decease for one’s state is extremely dry. Owen’s word pictures of anguish and torment that sh atter semblances that war is glorious. The sarcastic references of â€Å"my friend† challenge the reader inquiry the wastage of war and its necessity. The construct of waste of human life and slaughter is present in Anthem for Doomed Youth. The first line â€Å"What go throughing bells for these who die as cattle† by utilizing the word cattle suggests to the reader the soldiers are deceasing en masse and conjures up an image of the soldiers being like meat. The personification and onomatopoeia of the â€Å"monstrous choler of the guns† and the â€Å"stuttering rapid ripples rattle† revels the human emotion of choler and the strength of these sounds described helps the reader to understand the sounds of the battleground. The 2nd quatrain of the octert uses the repetion of the words â€Å"no† and â€Å"nor† to reenforce what the soldiers are sing alternatively of the traditional spiritual rites and respects paid to those who have passed off. â€Å"No mockeries†¦no supplications now bells†¦nor any voice of mourning† expands the thought of what these soldiers do non hold and recognize Owen’s place in mention to the ferociousness of war with the reader experiencing empathy towards these soldiers who deserve to be treated more reasonably. The many religous mentions in the verse form such as â€Å"prayers† . â€Å"orisons† and â€Å"bells† exposes the manner soldiers will decease and how it is inhumane and without peace or formality. The lone choirs that soldiers will hear at their passing is the â€Å"shrill demented choirs of howling shells† the entreaty for the reader to conceive of this sound continues to assist the reader connect through Owen’s poesy with the soldiers. The Volta redirects the focal point of the verse form to the bereavement of the households and friends back place. The rhetorical inquiry in the first line of the six â€Å"what tapers may be held to rush them all? † draws and invites the reader to reengage with the terminal of the sonnet and the alteration of the temper that has been created. The tapers. usually held by the communion table boys in a funeral service have now been replaced by the cryings of the male childs at place â€Å"Not in the custodies of male childs but in their eyes/ Shall radiance the holy gleams of goodbyes† . The unfair intervention of the soldiers makes the reader feel upset by how they are treated and evokes a strong sense of understanding towards the soldiers. Anthem for Doomed Youth ends with the riming pair used at the terminal of the six â€Å"Their flowers the tenderness of patient heads. / And each slow twilight a drawing-down of blinds† signified by the simple pulling down of blinds is the bereavement of household and friends and symbolises the tradition of a house in mourning that contains a casket. This ultimately presents to the reader the darkness and conclusiveness of decease. Wilfred Owen efficaciously draws in the reader to react to his verse forms through the characteristics of the wastage. ferociousness and physical effects of war. Demonstrated in the verse forms â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† is how linguistic communication techniques and poetic devices can do readers develop a more indepth apprehension of the deceptive glory of war. In Owen’s poesy and his portraiture of war in peculiar through his description of the battlegrounds and soldiers experiences readers emotions are evoked which through Owen creates a linkage between the soldiers and the reader.

Reservoir Dgs essays

Reservoir Dgs essays My fellow classmates and I recently watched the movie Reservoir Dogs. I personally thought the movie was a great realistic portrayal of gangster life. In the movie all of the men involved in the robbery die. Most of the men get shot trying to escape from the police, while others piss off the crime boss and then the crime boss shoots them. The violence in this movie is just the portrayal of gangster life. I do not think that graphic violence compensates for anything. Violence, profanity and nudity are all part of the entertainment business. If every film or movie that you watched was like Mr. Rogers neighborhood, would you really be interested? The truth is, the more profanity and nudity there is in a movie the more people want to see it. Sometimes you need a fuck or a shit to clearly get your point across. Yet, in certain movies there is a thin line between getting your point across and unnecessary cursing. If every other word was fuck or shit, there is no need for it. If parents do not want their children to watch such graphic movies and television, they should pay careful attention to what they let their child watch. On certain televisions there is something called parental controls they are designed to cut out violence and graphic material. There is something that we have to realize. People do get shot and die in the streets, parents do swear at their children and some people like to show off there bodies. In the movie Reservoir Dogs there is a decent amount of cursing, but also it is about thieves breaking into a diamond store. If the writer of the movie had put darn instead of damn or crap instead of shit it would have sounded fake and made up. The movie would not be realistic enough without the ...

Funny Happy Gilmore Movie Quotes

Funny Happy Gilmore Movie Quotes If you enjoy funny movies, you will find Happy Gilmore, starring Adam Sandler, worth your time (and money). Whats more, the comical quotes in the movie are great even for repeat viewing. The humor is sarcastic and you cant help laughing at Happy Gilmores wisecracks. The movie is a sports comedy about an unsuccessful ice hockey player with anger issues who takes up golf to win money to save his grandmothers house from repossession. His unorthodox hockey-type slapshot swing and colorful personality are good for golf ratings but earn him enemies. If you enjoy one-liners, this movie offers them aplenty. Here are some Happy Gilmore movie quotes that present the best of Adam Sandlers dialogues. Happy Gilmore Quotes Im stupid. Youre smart. I was wrong. You were right. Youre the best. Im the worst. Youre very good looking. Im not very attractive. My name is Happy Gilmore. Ever since I was old enough to skate, I loved hockey. Wasnt really the greatest skater though... But that didnt stop my dad from teaching me the secret of smacking his greatest slap shot. During high school, I played junior hockey and still hold two league records: most time spent in the penalty box; and I was the only guy to ever take off his skate and try to stab somebody. I didnt break it, I was merely testing its durability, and I placed it in the woods cause its made of wood and I thought he should be with his family. Did that go in? I wasnt watching†¦ did it go in? I didnt see it. Could you tell me if it went in? I got into this tournament for one reason: money. And now I have a new reason: kicking your ass! Golf requires goofy pants and a fat ass. You should talk to my neighbor the accountant, huge ass. Yeah, it IS about time! I mean I just couldnt get the ball in the hole! I wanted to but I just couldnt do it! Thats my puck baby! Dont you ever touch my puck! He shoots, he scores! Funny Dialogues from Happy Gilmore Shooter McGavin: I eat pieces of shit like you for breakfast!Happy Gilmore: You eat pieces of shit for breakfast? Endless Love Virginia: I thought we were just going to be friends.Happy Gilmore: What? Friends listen to Endless Love in the dark. Finger-Paintings Terry: All you ever talk about is becoming a pro hockey player, but theres a problem: youre not any good.Happy Gilmore: I am good. You know what†¦ youre a lousy kindergarten teacher. Ive seen those finger-paintings you bring home and they SUCK. Bob Barker Happy Gilmore: Id love to punch that guy in the face right now. But I cant, you know, because Id get in trouble. I bet you get a lot of that on Lets Make A Deal.​Bob Barker: Its The Price Is Right, Happy.​Happy Gilmore: [grimaces in embarrassment] Oh, yeah. Sorry.​Bob Barker: It happens. Lets play some golf.

Economical Impacts of Earthquakes on Society Annotated Bibliography

Economical Impacts of Earthquakes on Society - Annotated Bibliography Example By outlining the factors according to the importance, the authors have been able to discuss the involvement of community in the whole process of re-building and constructing the society in broader manner to tackle the issues like massive destruction that can be faced when an earthquake hit the country. This website discusses the Hazard US model for estimating the various impacts of earthquake including the economic impact of the same. This model is a unique model as it can allow to estimate the impact if earthquake happen in future including assessing the structural damage that can happen as a result of any earthquake. This book basically discusses the scientific analysis of the earthquakes from geological point of view and attempt to outline the various scientific tools and methods available that can be utilized to study the various impacts of earthquakes on the society. Discussing purely from the point of geology, this book also narrates the various economic implications of the earthquake on the society. This book also discusses the historical perspectives of the earthquakes and their overall impacts on the society as and when such large catastrophic events took place. This webpage discusses very thoroughly the various scientific basis of the earthquake, how happens and what are the different internal processes that actually happen within the crust of the earthquake to cause the damage. This webpage also discusses the societal impact of earthquakes including discussing as to how society and individual perceive the earthquakes and its dynamic impacts on the society. This study outlines the overall preparedness of the society in the wake of earthquake by studying the San Francisco earthquake. The results of this survey indicate that the overall preparedness of the individuals is at its minimum and authorities need to create a strong awareness regarding the potential impacts of the earthquake on the society and what should be the

Zinc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Zinc - Essay Example o the increase in the amount of Zn in the rivers include but are not limited to such human activities as industrial and urban sewages, runoffs, and atmospheric sediments. More than anywhere else, presence of such elements as Zn in excess in the river water is more dangerous since it reaches the livestock and humans directly or indirectly. A great variation in the behavior of Zn is also evident from the fact that while it is brittle at low temperatures, Zn becomes quite ductile and malleable at temperatures reaching anywhere between 110 and 115C. Just as it changes in its physical properties with temperature, Zn changes in terms of its effects on the environment when it gets in excess. This is a wonderful and very informative essay about the effects of Zn in the environment which is often considered as an element that cannot affect the environment in harmful ways. This is an important issue and needs to be explored and studied in detail in order for all the confusions and misconceptions surrounding it to be

The Sorites Paradox And The Epistemic Philosophy Essay

The Sorites Paradox And The Epistemic Philosophy Essay Soritic thinking that is based on reasoning, which is entailed in the sorites paradox plays an important role in some forms of weakness of will. Such reasoning based on soritic thinking leads to failures of behavior, however, these behaviors cannot be revealed to be irrational by ordinary means. Logical paradoxes are not expected to be important to the psychology of everyday life. However, the sorites paradox unlike other paradoxes actually leads to defeat and confusion, and plays an important role in some forms of weakness of will. I will illustrate a representative version of the sorites paradox, and in the conclusion obtained in this example, I will argue that the epistemic response runs into numerous difficulties, and as a result, does not successfully diagnose the problem with the paradox. Discussion The sorites paradox is a term given to several paradoxical arguments that arise because of the indeterminacy surrounding restrictions of the application of the predicates entailed. The following is a representative version of the sorites paradox. If we are to judge the height of four basketball players, observing them from a distance, which makes a difference in height invisible as long as it amounts to less than one inch. Tim Duncan is 7 feet tall. Shaquille is 71. He is also tall. Amare is 610. He is tall. Kevin is 611. He is tall. Rudy is 69. He is also tall. LeBron is 68 and he is tall. Using this sequence of reasoning, specifically, that if I deduct an inch off any persons height, it would not make much difference since somebody will only be one inch shorter than a tall individual would, supposedly, be tall himself. Thus, as I use this sequence of reasoning, I can keep creating more premises, namely that Jordan is 66, Kobe is 67 and so on till I reach somebody like Nate who is 5 9. Many individuals would hesitate to call Nate tall, because when compared to the other people like LeBron and Kobe, he is short. I can also reason to conclude that Bogues whose height is 53 and Boykins 55 are tall. However, most reasonable people would not classify these players as tall. The reasoning in the above case is a good example of the sorites paradox that results from common vague predicates such as tall. The sorites paradox can also be constructed using other predicates such as 100, 000 grains of sand is a heap of sand, thus 99, 999 grains is still a heap of sand, as is 99, 998 and so forth, till I am forced to conclude that one grain of sand is still a heap of sand. It is possible to also reconstruct the tall version of the sorites paradox to work the conflicting way. For instance, if I reason that Bogues whose height is 53, is short, then an individual who is just one inch taller would also be considered short, and I would also use this reasoning to work my way up LeBron, who at 68, would be deemed short. Thus, the paradox in argument form is: Premise 1: LeBron is 68, he is tall. Premise 2: If LeBron is tall, then someone else who is one inch shorter than LeBron is tall. Premise 3: if somebody one inch shorter than LeBron is tall, then someone one inch shorter than LeBron is tall. The conclusion is that Bogues whose height is 53 is tall. Such a conclusion is paradoxical if we are to consider our common notions about expressions like short and tall to be correct. In addition to this, if we have a common agreement that Bogues who is 53, is short, then the conclusion that stems from the sorites argument, to be precise, that Bogues must be tall, leads to a contradiction, since Bogues cannot have the properties tall and short at the same time. Therefore, there are three alternatives if we are to steer clear of this paradox of vague predicates: we can refute the primary premise that LeBron is tall; we can refute one of the other premises in the argument that anyone who is a certain height is tall if an individual an inch taller is tall, or refute the notion that the conclusion follows from the argument. I will discuss one approach to solving the paradox; the epistemic solution. I will also discuss difficulty in accepting the epistemic solution. The epistemic solution entails refuting one of the other premises. For instance, given the argument: (1) LeBron is tall for a person, (2) if LeBron is tall for a person, then someone who is 69 is tall for a person, and (3) if someone who is 69 is tall for a person, then someone who is 68 is tall for a person. Conclusion: Bogues who is 53 is tall for a person. We can refute one of the premises that will grant us a way out of the paradox. For instance, we can refute the premise that will ultimately result from the above argument that if Nash whose height is 63 is tall, then Ellis whose height is 62 is also tall. Or we can reject the premise that if Chris who is 60 tall, then Damon who is 511 is tall. The epistemic solution entails forming a hard line division, dividing people into two groups (not tall and tall). There would look as if there would be a cutoff point, if somebody who is nn is tall, and it would not follow that someone who is nn-1 is tall. So, if this dissimilarity was to be in place, it would provide an obstacle that the reasoning that led me in the first place to conclude that Bogues was tall. And if this dissimilarity was in place, then the group of tall individuals would have stopped before we got to Bogues. I think that this solution runs into a lot of difficulty. First and foremost, the dissimilarity would seem to be wholly illogical and dependent on a certain individuals idea of tall. For instance, I may want to specify that all individuals who are 60 and above, are tall. My younger brother who is 56 may want to stipulate that all individuals 57 and above are tall. In the same way, Kobe may want to stipulate that all individuals 68 and above are tall. All of these illogical lines are wholly logical, relative to each individual. I do not think that the epistemic solution successfully diagnoses the problem with the paradox as shown in the example of height. One can argue against arbitrariness by specifying that people should consider those above the average height for people as tall and those below this average height as shorts, and therefore, a fixed point would solve the problem. But this provision also runs into hypothetical issues. First of all, the average height for human beings is always changing. Today, human beings may be taller than people were 20, 000 years ago. Therefore, it would seem, a person would have been tall 20, 000 years ago would be short now. However, if can correctly guess, no one wants to accept that a person who is tall can become short without shrinking. Secondly, if are to refute one of the premises, then we should do reject it with good reason. We should give a reason why, for instance, it is better to refute the premise that if Amare who is 610 tall, then Kobe who is 67 is tall, instead of the premise that if Shaquille who is 71 is tall, then Duncan who is 70 is tall. Is there a logical reason why we should refute the former premise instead of the latter? Assume, for the sake of science fiction, the case of a shrinking person. Suppose the shrinking man was Shaquille, who shrank one inch each month, from a starting height of 71. If are to refute one of the premises, then we should also acknowledge that there is an exact spatiotemporal location where Shaquille changes from someone who is tall to someone who is not tall. Where is the point? 63? 64? 55? 511? Is there a good reason to dispense one of these heights over another height? If the answer is yes, then we should give an account for which particular moment in time, this change occurs, and why it is logical to opt for this moment instead of another one. It appears that nobody can practically choose of these moments over another one, and so, it appears, the epistemic solution runs into a barrier. The response that would probably successfully diagnose the problem would be the degree of truth solution that takes a modern approach towards the notions of falsity and truth, and seeks to annul the sorites argument. With the degree of truth solution, a person can make the claim that Nash is 63 tall. I can state the degree of truth for the claim that Nash is 63 tall is about .70 because he appears to be closer to the model for human tallness than the paradigm for shortness. The sorites paradox started by hypothesizing that if Shaquille is tall, and we reason that Bogues is also tall, we are stating that these two men have equivalent property of tallness and the truth of such statements are true to the similar degree. Thus, this theory appears to have the strength of removing all contradictions entailing vague predicates unlike, the epistemic approach, and thus would be more appropriate in explaining the sorites paradox example of who is tall and who is short. Conclusion The epistemic solution does not seem to be the closest solution to the example about height discussed. One can argue against unpredictability by specifying that people should consider those above the average height for people as tall and those below this average height as shorts, and therefore, a fixed point would solve the problem. It is clear that the epistemic solution is counter intuitive in nature, and this becomes a purported problem. From the example discussed, it is evident that there all kind of things that people do not know, however, ignorance in the case of indistinctness appears to be necessary ignorance. It is not that we do not know if someone is tall and another is short, we simply know it. But, for the person seeking the epistemic solution, the problem is harder, for there is something to know and it is simply that we cannot know it. Thus, the epistemic solution does not successfully diagnose the problem.

The Treatment of Love in Shakespeare’s Othello

What can we see about the treatment of love in literature from comparing Shakespeare and Browning? In Shakespearean ‘Othello' and Borrowing's ‘The Laboratory, it is implied that love was the cause of a desire for revenge on and the death of another character. In ‘Othello, Othello-despite loving her-desires revenge on Desman, believing she has been unfaithful, and irrationally decides to kill her: â€Å"l will withdraw/To furnish me with some swift means of death/For the fair devil† (Ill. Ii. 73-4), whilst in Borrowing's poem ‘The Laboratory, the monologist desires revenge on their lover by poisoning the woman with whom the lover was unfaithful-â€Å"And Pauline should have Just thirty minutes to live! † (VI. 3). All of these texts have dramatic conclusions as a result of each of the characters' desires. The conclusion of Othello, however, shows that the strength of the love between Othello and Desman was enough to cause Othello to feel so much re morse that e killed himself after killing her: â€Å"O fool, fool, fool! † (V. Ii. 319).This Implies that, despite killing Desman, his love for her was enough to make him want to be with her forever-in the end. This contrasts with the negative impression that love inflicts death and instead, portrays that love is very powerful. Just like in ‘Othello, In ‘The Laboratory, the motive for death is love. The monologist decides to poison a woman with whom their lover has been unfaithful. This also seems to be quite an Irrational action, but, unlike in ‘Othello, the central character feels no remorse for doing what they are doing, implying they have a different kind of love; possibly a weaker one.Overall, by comparing the texts of Shakespeare and Browning, we can see that, In literature, love is very often portrayed as being negative: a motive for revenge and the cause of many deaths. In ‘Othello' and ‘The Laboratory, both characters believe that the on ly way to sort out the problem of their lover being unfaithful, Is to murder hem, but they do not consider consulting the other person, Implying they do not understand the strength of love.By comparing these texts, we can see that, In literature, love Is portrayed as being a negative emotion, often overpowering the logical mind, however, linking back to the above point about Othello remorse for his lover's death, It can often be shown as a strong emotion that, In some cases, can result In positives, such as, the realization of the bond between lovers, but In others, can cause Irrational actions.

Catapult Definition, History, and Types

Descriptions of Roman sieges of fortified cities invariably feature siege engines, the most familiar of which are the battering ram or aries, which came first, and the catapult (catapulta, in Latin). Here is an example from the first century A.D. Jewish historian Josephus on the siege of Jerusalem: 2. As for what is within the camp, it is set apart for tents, but the outward circumference hath the resemblance to a wall, and is adorned with towers at equal distances, where ​between the towers stand the engines for throwing arrows and darts, and for slinging stones, and where they lay all other engines that can annoy the enemy, all ready for their several operations.Josephus Wars. III.5.2 According to Recent Finds of Ancient Artillery, by Dietwulf Baatz, the most important sources of information on ancient siege engines come from ancient texts written by Vitruvius, Philo of Byzantium (third century B.C.) and Hero of Alexandria (first century A.D.), relief sculptures representing sieges, and artifacts found by archaeologists. The Meaning of the Word Catapult Etymology Online says the word catapult comes from the Greek words kata against and pallein to hurl, an etymology that explains the working of the weapon, since the catapult is an ancient version of the cannon. When Did the Romans Start to Use the Catapult? When the Romans first started using this type of weapon isnt known with certainty. It may have begun after the Wars with Pyrrhus (280-275 B.C.), during which the Romans had an opportunity to observe and copy Greek techniques. Valà ©rie Benvenuti argues that the inclusion of towers within Roman-built city walls from about 273 B.C. suggests that they were designed to hold siege engines. Early Developments in the Catapult In Early Artillery Towers: Messenia, Boiotia, Attica, Megarid, Josiah Ober says the weapon was invented in 399 B.C. by engineers in the employ of Dionysios of Syracuse. [See Diodorus Siculus 14.42.1.] Syracuse, in Sicily, was important to Megale Hellas, the Greek-speaking area in and around southern Italy [see: Italic Dialects]. It came into conflict with Rome during the Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.). In the century after the one in which the Syracusans invented the catapult, Syracuse was home to the great scientist Archimedes. That early fourth century B.C. type of catapult is probably not the one most of us envision—a torsion catapult that throws stones to break down enemy walls, but an early version of the Medieval crossbow that shot missiles when the trigger was released. It is also called a belly-bow or gastraphetes. It was attached to a stock on a stand that Ober thinks could be moved a bit for aiming, but the catapult itself was small enough to be held by a person. Likewise, the first torsion catapults were small and probably aimed at people, rather than walls, like the belly-bow. By the end of the fourth century, however, Alexanders successors, the Diadochi, were using the large, wall-breaking stone-tossing, torsion catapults. Torsion Torsion means they were twisted to store energy for the release. Illustrations of the twisted fiber look like twisted skeins of knitting yarn. In Artillery as a Classicizing Digression, an article showing the lack of technical expertise of ancient historians who describe artillery, Ian Kelso calls this torsion the motive force of the wall-wrecking catapult, which he refers to as mural artillery. Kelso says that although faulty technically, the historians Procopius (6th century A.D.) and Ammianus Marcellinus (fl. mid-fourth century A.D.) give us valuable insight into siege engines and siege warfare because they were in the besieged cities. In On Artillery Towers and Catapult Sizes T. E. Rihll says there are three components for describing catapults: Power Source:BowSpringMissileSharpHeavyDesignEuthytonePalintone Bow and spring have been explained—the bow is the one like the crossbow, the spring involves torsion. Missiles were either sharp, like arrows and javelins or heavy and generally blunt even if not round, like stones and jars. The missile varied depending on the objective. Sometimes a besieging army wished to break down the city walls, but at other times it aimed to burn the structures beyond the walls. Design, the last of these descriptive categories hasnt yet been mentioned. Euthytone and palintone refer to different arrangements of the springs or arms, but both can be used with torsion catapults. Instead of using bows, torsion catapults were powered by springs made of skeins of hair or sinews. Vitruvius calls a two-armed (palintone) stone-thrower, powered by torsion (spring), a ballista. In The Catapult and the Ballista, J. N. Whitehorn describes the parts and operation of the catapult using many clear diagrams. He says the Romans realized rope was not a good material for the twisted skeins; that, generally, the finer the fiber, the more resiliency, and strength the twisted cord would have. Horsehair was normal, but womens hair was best. In a pinch horse or oxen, neck sinew was employed. Sometimes they used flax. Siege engines were covered protectively with hiding to prevent enemy fire, which would destroy them. Whitehorn says catapults were also used to create fires. Sometimes they hurled jars of the waterproof Greek fire. The Catapults of Archimedes Like the battering ram, animal names were given types of catapults, especially the scorpion, which Archimedes of Syracuse used, and the onager or wild ass. Whitehorn says Archimedes, in the last quarter of the third century B.C., made advances in artillery so that Syracusans could hurl enormous stones at Marcellus men during the siege of Syracuse, in which Archimedes was killed. Supposedly the catapults could hurl stones weighing 1800 pounds. 5. This was the siege equipment with which the Romans planned to assault the citys towers. But Archimedes had constructed artillery which could cover a whole variety of ranges, so that while the attacking ships were still at a distance he scored so many hits with his catapults and stone-throwers that he was able to cause them severe damage and harass their approach. Then, as the distance decreased and these weapons began to carry over the enemys heads, he resorted to smaller and smaller machines, and so demoralized the Romans that their advance was brought to a standstill. In the end Marcellus was reduced in despair to bringing up his ships secretly under cover of darkness. But when they had almost reached the shore, and were therefore too close to be struck by the catapults, Archimedes had devised yet another weapon to repel the marines, who were fighting from the decks. He had had the walls pierced with large numbers of loopholes at the height of a man, which were about a palms bre adth wide at the outer surface of the walls. Behind each of these and inside the walls were stationed archers with rows of so-called scorpions, a small catapult which discharged iron darts, and by shooting through these embrasures they put many of the marines out of action. Through these tactics he not only foiled all the enemys attacks, both those made at long range and any attempt at hand-to-hand fighting, but also caused them heavy losses.Polybius Book VIII Ancient Writers on the Topic of Catapults Ammianus Marcellinus 7 And the machine is called tormentum as all the released tension is caused by twisting (torquetur); and scorpion, because it has an upraised sting; modern times have given it the new name onager, because when wild asses are pursued by hunters, by kicking they hurl back stones to a distance, either crushing the breasts of their pursuers, or breaking the bones of their skulls and shattering them.Ammianus Marcellinus Book XXIII.4 Caesars Gallic Wars When he perceived that our men were not inferior, as the place before the camp was naturally convenient and suitable for marshaling an army (since the hill where the camp was pitched, rising gradually from the plain, extended forward in breadth as far as the space which the marshaled army could occupy, and had steep declines of its side in either direction, and gently sloping in front gradually sank to the plain); on either side of that hill he drew a cross trench of about four hundred paces, and at the extremities of that trench built forts, and placed there his military engines, lest, after he had marshaled his army, the enemy, since they were so powerful in point of number, should be able to surround his men in the flank, while fighting. After doing this, and leaving in the camp the two legions which he had last raised, that, if there should be any occasion, they might be brought as a reserve, he formed the other six legions in order of battle before the camp.Gallic Wars II.8 Vitruvius The tortoise of the battering ram was constructed in the same way. It had, however, a base of thirty cubits square, and a height, excluding the pediment, of thirteen cubits; the height of the pediment from its bed to its top was seven cubits. Issuing up and above the middle of the roof for not less than two cubits was a gable, and on this was reared a small tower four stories high, in which, on the top floor, scorpions and catapults were set up, and on the lower floors a great quantity of water was stored, to put out any fire that might be thrown on the tortoise. Inside of this was set the machinery of the ram, in which was placed a roller, turned on a lathe, and the ram, being set on top of this, produced its great effects when swung to and fro by means of ropes. It was protected, like the tower, with rawhide.Vitruvius XIII.6 References Origin of Greek and Roman Artillery, Leigh  Alexander; The  Classical Journal, Vol. 41, No. 5 (Feb. 1946), pp. 208-212. The Catapult and the Ballista, by J. N. Whitehorn;  Greece Rome  Vol. 15, No. 44  (May 1946), pp. 49-60. Recent Finds of Ancient Artillery, by Dietwulf Baatz;  Britannia  Vol. 9, (1978), pp. 1-17. Early Artillery Towers: Messenia, Boiotia, Attica, Megarid, by Josiah Ober;  American Journal of Archaeology  Vol. 91, No. 4 (Oct. 1987), pp. 569-604. The Introduction of Artillery in the Roman World: Hypothesis for a Chronological Definition Based on the Cosa Town Wall, by Valà ©rie Benvenuti;  Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 47 (2002), pp. 199-207. Artillery as a Classicizing Digression, by Ian Kelso;  Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte  Bd. 52, H. 1 (2003), pp. 122-125. On Artillery Towers and Catapult Sizes, by T. E.  Rihll;  The Annual of the British School at Athens  Vol. 101, (2006), pp. 379-383. Rihll, Tracey. The Catapult: A History. Kindle Edition, 1 edition,W estholme Publishing, January 23, 2007.

PTSD and Anxiety, Themes in the Film 1995 Copycat and...

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is an abnormal biological response that is a consequence of direct or indirect exposure to a severely traumatizing event, which can further induce a maladaptive psychological state. This threatening life experience generally triggers a reaction of anxiety, vulnerability, or horror in the victim. In the film Copycat (1995), the protagonist, Dr. Hudson, suffers from this disorder, as well as agoraphobia and panic attacks due to a terrorizing experience she had in the past. Agoraphobia is defined as a paralyzing fear of being in spaces or settings where the sufferer feels there is neither escape nor available assistance in the event of a panic attack. In extreme cases, individuals with agoraphobia imprison themselves to places in which they feel â€Å"safe† and avoid facing unfamiliar places altogether, as these may yield heightened anxiety. The reason I chose this particular movie for this assignment is that the main character perfectly ex hibits how one abnormal disorder can produce others, and how these disorders pose a significant hindrance to one’s everyday life. Almost everyone has undergone a minor form of an abnormal condition such as a panic attack or PTSD, but this movie depicts how the most severe form of the disease affects an individual. In this movie, Dr. Hudson’s acute panic attacks are characterized by an intensified feeling of distress, and at times incapacitate her to the brink of a nervous breakdown and unconsciousness.

DLP Thrability And Information System - 723 Words

Confidentiality, Transmission, Technology References are not validated logically. Application does not validate all un-trusted inputs received with each HTTP Request. It may allow user to access restricted file, folder and information, initiate SQL injection and cross site scripting attacks. This Cell Applies to the vulnerability as it may cause disclose of patient’s authentication during log in. Since by putting username and password user transmits a request to the application User ID and Password can be compromised which may allow malicious user to access confidential information. True Health may have impact on its reputation and finance. True Health may become a subject to compensation due to disclosure of sensitive information of its†¦show more content†¦ID, Name, Sequence Number should be replaced by cryptography hashes and should be mapped to the original values. Confidentiality, Processing, Education Not applicable for the Vulnerability, since it’s mostly dependant on technology Confidentiality, Processing, Policy No standard was documented and implemented focusing on security configuration of the web application. This cell applies to the vulnerability because if there was an approved documentation to maintain security standard of all web applications within the organization, the online portal of True Health Diagnostic would not have IDOR, Unencrypted URL or insufficient access control. No having a documented and implemented started for application may expose the application to much vulnerability which may cause operational disruption. Prepare security standard for the public faced web application of the organization. NIST provide this sort of security framework. Confidentiality, Storage, Technology One user can access the information of other users which is usually not allowed. Proper access control and segregation of information is not implemented in the database. This cell applies to the vulnerability since proper technologies (Access Control and Separate Data Base Table) are not configured in the Database that allows a user to breach confidentiality of information. May allow an

The ways in which ideas were communicated to the audience in War Spectacular Free Essays

We constructed War Spectacular to be an abstract piece made up of a number of unconnected scenes; this structure enabled us to tell numerous different stories, all with their own message. We realised early in the devising process that in order to keep this piece objective we would have to keep all of the scenes and settings non-specific, if we used the real names of locations, religions or people it may have caused offence to the audience, thus drawing away from our message. There were many different messages we wanted to convey to the audience; however there was one theme which ran throughout the piece, ultimately connecting the disjointed scenes; we were showing the different ‘faces of war’. We will write a custom essay sample on The ways in which ideas were communicated to the audience in War Spectacular or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first ‘face of war’ which we wanted to show was the human element of war. The original concept for the play was to show the affect of a conflict upon two families, show their struggle, and ultimately their collapse. Although this concept was scrapped the themes were kept for use during War Spectacular. You can read also Audience Adaptation Paper If we were to show the human and emotional side of war it was obvious that we needed to use a group of ‘real’ characters (opposed to the more abstract characters which would use throughout the play which would lack exposition and depth) who would open up to one another and show their hatred for the conflict. We constructed a scene with three soldiers who had been split from their unit and were forced to take shelter from the enemy in a bomb crater. My character was bitter and angry with my superior who, with his little leadership experience had got them no closer to safety. With talk of home and arguments together the two showed their insecurities and ultimately their fear. In this scene home was constructed to be the place which was away from this conflict, it is ‘safe, it’s warm†¦ and dry’. However, in the scene ‘War spectacular’ this ideal of home was destroyed. The execution of a man within his own house was used to show that war is now not just on the battlefields but in our streets and homes. This intrusion of safety was not just meant literally but metaphorically too – with modern media we are spared no detail of a conflict; past generations believed that their ‘brave boys’ were safe and doing the good of the country, now the truth is only too evident. At the beginning of the devising process I was very keen to have a subtext of media manipulation throughout the play; this was achieved through two scenes. First I wanted to make the ironic point about the hypocrisy of a news report (‘War Spectacular’ by Kate Adie) which compares a missile launch to a fireworks display, and then attempts to convey the reporters concern for the human suffering of mugged refugees. Reciting this piece while playing Holst’s Saturn, an eerie classical track gave the reading a strange poetic nature which a war report really shouldn’t have. This recital was made DSR, whilst a soldier robbed a dead body CS; this abstract staging was used to show the reporters obliviousness to the events which were actually happening around her. With these juxtapositions, the article lost all the sincerity with which it may have be written; showing how easy it is to both overlook the true meaning of news we are being provided with, and how what we are being shown with can never be the full story, and just the observations of one person. The second scene showing our media subtext was our most complex, both to construct and to perform. Set in a Middle Eastern bar we meet three journalists, Danny Richards, Kate Stevens and Malcolm Grey – Danny and Kate are both shown as rookies and Malcolm the veteran. A number of flashbacks are used throughout the scene as a means of exposition for each of the characters but also showing their different journalistic styles. Half way through the journalist scene we cut to Kate standing DSR reporting from the aftermath of a missile attack. We see her emotional report which describes a graphic and horrific scene. When her report is finished she asks the cameraman ‘brutal enough? ‘ – again showing the hypocrisy of the so-called emotionally attached reporter. Continuing in the bar Malcolm questions Danny’s integrity, calling him a ‘Two-bit rookie’ in response to this the audience is shown an interview between Danny, an interpreter and a woman living in a village which has been raided by American troops. This scene was used to show how drastically information can become. Statements coming from the village woman, through the interpreter and then to Danny are changed ‘Chinese whispers’ style until their meaning has been completely lost. For example, the word ‘Americans’ is changed to ‘military’ and then to ‘militants’. We ensured that it was the interpreter which made the most drastic mistakes, showing that it was not Danny who was at fault, and that this corruption of the truth could happen even to the most professional reporters. So to contrast this media orientated aspect of war we wanted to show a side of war that has very little understanding to it; the new warfare of fanaticism and blind allegiance. However much research we did for these roles it was always impossible to collect information which was objective as everything that we had collected was opinionated and not factual. With this stigma in mind, I felt that it was important to work with the theme of connection between all human beings which had been established in the opening scene as it would have been easy to just cast the characters in this section as inhuman, and so we worked to show the audience familiarities with these characters that they otherwise would have trouble connecting with. With the child soldier it was the shock of his revealed age which worked to remind the audience that the ‘inhuman’ soldier was still a small boy, and as the audience was made up of students and parents we felt that this would force them to think of children close to them. Similarly, the suicide bomber, whilst fanatical, still showed very human traits. He had thoughts of his family, performed this act because he believed that he was right and ‘just’, and ultimately showed fear. In contrast to this very new attitude to war we wanted to depict a very old fashioned warfare which looking back on it is now highly comical. The ‘new generation’ of weaponry was presented to the audience in the form of a ‘1950’s style’ advert. The main purpose for this scene was to provide the audience with a comic relief from the seriousness of the play. However, whilst this was an opportunity to relax placing this scene previous to the suicide bomber scene it to show a drastic change in attitude to warfare, whilst the character of the advert believed that that their weapons would drive the empire into the 20th century, the suicide bomber represents a very modern and much more dangerous enemy; one which does not have a flag or country, but just a cause and the will to cause destruction. The piece was concluded with the recital of the poem, ‘All things are connected’ which we quoted for the opening sequence. With lines such as ‘Man did not weave the web of life, he is merely a strand in it’ it worked well to convey our themes of unison as a race – although the hope of total peace is a fantasy, it is the theme which ultimately runs throughout the whole of the piece. How to cite The ways in which ideas were communicated to the audience in War Spectacular, Essays

Correlation Between Government Expenditure and Inflation

Question: Discuss about theCorrelation Between Government Expenditure and Inflation. Answer: Introduction Inflation refers is the rise in prices of a wide range of goods and services over a certain period of time, especially within one year. Inflation is brought about by a myriad of factors, but it is most likely to happen in a period that is characterized by strong economic activities whereby there is a shortage in supply of goods and services since demand has gone up; this causes the economy to run beyond its productive capacity. I.e. demand exceeds the supply. In Australia, the government has many economic objectives, inter alia, the objective to maintain low inflation rates. The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) recommends the maintenance of low inflation rates averaging about 2-3 percent over the duration of a business cycle of a year. On the other hand, it is also argued that the inflation rate should not be lower than the rate of 2-3 percent as stated above because that would be an indication that there is reduced economic growth and resources that would otherwise be employed to enhance Australias productivity are either lying idle or being wasted. As discussed below, this write-up analyzes how an increase in government expenditure can lead to inflations and also what policies can be employed to curb inflation rates that would distort the economy by destabilizing the currency. The Analysis Government Expenditures Effect on Inflation Among the factors that affect the inflation rates is the aggregate demand. Aggregate demand refers to the demand or consumption rate of the goods and services available in the market. In the event that the demand for the goods and services becomes excessively high, there will arise a situation where too much is spent to acquire the few goods and services in the market. This demand will run ahead of the aggregate supply which will then lead to a pervasive shortage of the goods and services. This stretches the economy to its limits, and since production firms would need more resources in order to increase the output and to match up with the demand, the price levels of the goods and services will rise, leading to what is known as demand-pull inflation. Various factors that affect demand inflation include increases in wages which stimulate private consumption, spending and low-interest rates which promote more borrowing and hence more spending. Saville (2008) argues that in the event that the economy deteriorates, the government is more often called upon to take intervention steps to stabilize the economy. In the Keynesian view, the form intervention required is for the government to spend more with the aim of stabilizing the economy and increasing productivity and investment. However, Ezrim et al (2008) explain that using the cointegration analysis and the Granger Casualty Method as applied to the time series data of the United States; there is an indication that public expenditure directly affects the inflation pressures. A reduction in this expenditure ultimately reduces the inflation rate and vice versa. Further, Saville (2008) likens the government to a parasite that sucks the economys blood (wealth) but does not generate any wealth of its own. When the economy is lackluster, it is reasonably expected that the government should suck less blood so that the host (the economy) does not deteriorate further. However, it is at such times that there are more calls for the government to borrow more and to spend more in the guise of stabilizing the economy. Being a fact that no wealth is generated in return, the effect is that the already scarce resources are depleted further to pay for the governments increasing expenses. The government may further opt to acquire stimulus packages in order to finance its additional deficit spending by issuing bonds that will be purchased by banks with newly created money. This increase in money within the economy will necessitate an increase in prices to match the available goods and services. Further, the additional expenditure from the government will add to the aggregate demand thereby increasing the inflationary pressures that will ultimately lead to demand-pull inflation. Policy Measures From the analysis above, it is evident that increased government expenditure is one of the contributing factors to demand inflation. Therefore, there is the need for policies that are aimed at slowing demand inflation. These policies are: Restrictive/Contractionary Monetary Policy and Contractionary Fiscal Policy which are as explained below: Restrictive/Contractionary Monetary Policy This policy is formulated by the Reserve Bank of Australia which by altering the interest rates which ultimately affects the level of national spending. The RBA adopts higher interest rates which would mean that the government will pay more to borrow funds to finance its expenditure. The high credit costs are aimed at discouraging excessive consumption and spending and therefore lowering the aggregate demand which eases the inflationary pressure. Further, the idea of higher interest rates encourages more savings and less spending. These cumulatively reduce general shortages of goods and services and maintain demand inflation at desirable levels. Contractionary Fiscal Policy These policies involves the increase of taxes and/or the decrease in government expenses as a means of reducing inflationary pressures. An increase in taxes is viewed as means of siphoning money from the private sector and may discourage excessive private consumption. The government, therefore, remains more funded instead of relying on debts to fund its expenditures. Further, the increase in taxes can ensure less disposable income and thereby decreasing private consumption rates and ultimately easing inflationary pressures. Alternatively, the Contractionary Fiscal Policy may lead to the attainment of a smaller government budget deficit by decreasing the aggregate spending and demand through limiting government expenditures. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is clear that an increase in government expenditure contributes to the inflationary pressures leading to demand-pull inflation characterized by an increase in price levels. Inflation is known to cause slow economic growth, the weakening of international trading power due to differences between the value of exports and value of imports, and income inequality due to gains and losses of purchasing powers. It is for this reasons and among others that it is necessary for the Reserve Bank of Australia to maintain its objective of ensuring low inflation over the business cycles so as to maintain and improve living standards. To achieve this objective, the Contractionary policies as discussed above should be at all times be employed ad also be applicable to the government to ensure a balance is maintained between sustainable economic growth and increases in prices at a moderate and desirable rate. References Australias Inflation as a Contemporary Economic Issue. (2016). Retrieved 24 September 2016, fromhttps://www.wiley.com/legacy/Australia/PageProofs/ECODU/1_2/c03AustraliasInflationAsAContemporaryEconomicIssue_WEB.pdf Dupor, W. (2016).How Does Government Spending Affect Inflation? Retrieved 25 September 2016, from https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2016/may/how-does-government-spending-affect-inflation Ezirim, C., Muoghalu, M., Elike, U. (2008). Inflation versus public expenditure growth in the US: An Empirical Investigation.North American Journal of Finance and Banking Research,2(2). Feldstein, M. S. (2009).Rethinking the role of fiscal policy(No. w14684). National Bureau of Economic Research. Heath, A., Roberts, I., Bulman, T. (2004). Inflation in Australia: measurement and modeling.The future of inflation targeting, 167-207. Mehraraa, M., Rezaei, S., Soufianib, M. (2016).The Impact of Government Spending on Inflation through the Inflationary Environment, STR approach(p. 155). Retrieved from https://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/WSN-37-2016-153-167.pdf Saville, S. (2008).Government Spending and Inflation | Steve Saville | Safehaven.com.Safehaven.com. Retrieved 25 September 2016, from https://www.safehaven.com/article/10688/government-spending-and-inflation Sims, C. A. (1994). A simple model for study of the determination of the price level and the interaction of monetary and fiscal policy.Economic theory,4(3), 381-399.

The meaning of Persecution Essay Example Essay Example

The meaning of Persecution Essay Example Paper The meaning of Persecution Essay Introduction Over the centuries, Persecution has had many definitions. Sometimes it means more sometimes it means less but at all time, persecution is neither desirable nor anything to admire. Today we are aware of several forms of persecution but in most cases are powerless to stop it.Today the accepted definition of persecution found in the Oxford Dictionary (1993) is:†1 The act persecuting someone or subjecting someone to hostility or ill treatment; the fact of being persecuted; an instance esp. a particular course or period, of this b Harassment, persistent annoyance 2 The action of pursuing with intent to catch, injure or kill; pursuit of a subject etc.†Subjecting someone to hostility or ill treatment is one of the phrases used there and this is precisely what persecution is. A person or a group of people are singled out for extraordinarily heinous treatment. A recent example of this is the holocaust that took place the mid twentieth century, referring to the mass murder and tort ure the Jews suffered at the hands or the Germans.In addition, when the term persecution is used it is taken to mean that the person on the receiving end of the maltreatment has done nothing to warrant it. The persecutors are acting out of malice and perhaps do not even feel the need to explain themselves and when they do their rationalization is based on discriminatory and unjustifiable attitudes.During his ministry, Jesus was victim to people with these types of mind-sets. Jesus maintained that he spoke with authority from God. The religious leaders of Palestine did not like this because he was making the information freely available to people they felt did not deserve to know the scriptures because they thought of them as unlettered, stupid etc. but Jesus paid them no heed. The religious leaders were infuriated at his flagrant disregard and on occasion tried to kill him.Luke 4:28-30{(28)Now all those hearing these things in the synagogue became filled with anger; (29) and they ro se up and hurried him [Jesus] out of the city, and they led him to the brow of the mountain upon which their city had been built, in order to throw him down headlong. (30) But he went through the midst and continued on his way.} This episode occurred after he declined to perform miracles in Nazareth, comparing himself to Elijah who the Jewish people held in high esteem. The Jewish men of the synagogue were incensed at the presumptuousness of it and riled so far as to attempting to kill him.He did not halt in his good works however as verse 30 shows. Later on he performs a miracle on the Sabbath day a day that the Jews regarded as holy and would endeavour not to work. When he cured the man with the withered hand they weren’t happy. In Luke 6:11{(11) But they became filled with madness, and they began to talk over with one another what they might do to Jesus.}Jesus did not allow the powerful men’s obvious disdain stop the progress of his ministry. Though they frequently made it clear how contemptuously they regarded him he did not allow this to deaden his spirit.These same religious leaders handed him over to the Roman authorities for being a revolutionary and he was condemned for so-called heresy and executed by crucifixion. The events leading up to his iniquitous death are found in Chapter 23 of Luke. They did not let him die peacefully rather they taunted and ridiculed him until he finally died. It was down to the Pharisees and Sadducees that he was subjected to a criminal’s death and instead of feeling remorse they were proud of themselves.Persecution in the Modern dayDespite the large numbers of Christians today, some 1.6 billion, a lot of this number are just the kind of hang-on Christian. This is the sort of person who takes their families to church on Sunday’s and at Christmas and possesses a vague sense of conscience. In the west choosing ones religion is as easy as choosing an outfit of a morning. Being in the west we are no t subject to a lot of the things that goes on today against Christians.In several countries where human rights are practically non-existent, Christians have been tortured and persecuted up until this day. In an article posted on the Internet (www.worldnetdaily.com), barely more than a year ago, heinous images of the pain of innocents are painted. The article refers to the bombings in the Philippines that occurred in late 2003and says â€Å"little has been made of the fact that these attacks were aimed specifically at Christians.† Art Moore, the author calls it â€Å"one of the most neglected stories† and it is true that not many people are aware of the true cause of the bombings. An estimated .2 billion, over 10%, of Christians worldwide suffer from malicious treatments from various governments.For example in China several hundreds of Chinese Christians are being forced through â€Å"re-education through labour† camps. In Iran the Christians suffer arrest, impri sonment and torture on account of their faith and leaving Islam is considered a criminal offence. Nigerian Christians routinely have their churches burnt down, Saudi governments put a ban on practicing Christianity and for someone to convert to Christianity from Islam is punishable by death penalty. Crucifixion and slavery are still practiced in Sudan and the violations repeatedly conducted against Christians are endless and horrendous.So how does persecution affect Christians today? The schism between hemispheres is great. Most Christians today have no idea of what is happening in places like Pakistan where mobs and fundamentalist Muslim’s brazenly target Christians.The sort of persecution western Christian’s face today is mainly from revolutionary scientists and atheists who seek to discredit the bible by making it outdated. Christian’s are often subject to ridicule in today’s â€Å"modern-thinking† generation. Scientist’s who claim  "God is dead† however do nothing more than mock. Nevertheless some people find themselves giving thought to the anti-Christianity remarks made by these scientists and these people may lose their faith.To Christians living in different parts of the world persecution will mean different things. A Christian living in England would never expect to be raped maimed and killed to be made an example of. Christian’s living in the upper Nile region of Sudan could plausibly expect this as it would not be the first time it had happened. Conversely the words of a self-important scientist would hardly likely test the faith of Christians who barely escaped alive from mass murder of friends in the faith. A quote from the Christians of Turkmenistan expresses this difference well. They claim that although their persecution is physical the lure of materialism could be just as devastating for the western Christians.Materialism is basically the striving after material things. Without notici ng a Christian could find him or herself putting money and prestige before their faith and becoming increasingly unscrupulous. The same Christians of central Asia also requested this of their fellow Christians. â€Å"Please pray not that our persecution will go away, but that there will be enough persecution to keep us focussed on our Lord, but not too much to break us.†Jesus warned his disciples many times that following him would be a struggle.Back in his day one had to carry the cross you were going to be crucified on and labour up the countryside. Jesus told his followers that they would have to take up their cross to follow him.Wherever it is, persecution is always designed to disillusion people of whatever faith. This is the one thing all persecutions have in common, from the crucifixion of Jesus, to the inquisition to the modern day; however the important thing is to withstand it and that is the one thing all religions have in common.†Christians should expect per secution†For a long time Christians were persecuted for their beliefs. In the first century, early Christians were victimized endlessly. Because the Christian church was so small and new, the leaders did not like it. For much of the late first century in the Roman Empire being a Christian was illegal and punishable by incarceration. During these times, many Christians became Martyrs for their faith.Some People may say that because of this Christians should recognize their duty to give up their life for the cause, as did the early Christians. A Christian now should have the same faith as any Christian the first century. Also many of St Paul’s letters to the Galatians, Ephesians, and Colossians etc. were giving them encouragement to withstand persecution and also let them know just how many obstacles he was facing in his own missionary work. Christian’s are expected to believe in the entire bible trusting that the whole book is still as relevant today as it ever wa s. This means accepting that St Paul’s encouragements should have just as much application to today’s Christian as to a Christian in C1.But today we live in a society that recognises the faith of every human being to practice whatever religion they choose so in this way no people should expect to be persecuted nevertheless many faiths are. Christians who are lucky enough to live in area’s where there are no difficulties should count themselves blessed.However remember that Jesus warned his disciples to expect persecution on account of his name. Whether or not Christians are being persecuted or not their faith should remain strong enough to withstand oppression. I think the important thing here is for a Christian to feel in himself that his faith is strong enough to endure. St Paul made mention of the tested quality of faith being a lot more valued by God. Whether or not a Christian expects persecution their quality of faith should not depend on external influenc es but rather on themselves.It was Jesus Christ who founded the Christian Church and he was ruthlessly pursued. St Paul too was a central figure and never was he left alone. He was constantly imprisoned due to his missionary work. He never let anything get him down. All Christians should try to follow his example and that of the Christ because keeping the faith is one of the central precepts of Christianity.In conclusion I think that no one of any faith should anticipate ill-treatment. Christians are supposed to tolerate all faiths and in so doing should expect no less from others, a manifestation of the Golden Rule. Notwithstanding this however no Christian should feel him or herself so far against the wall that they should take the easy way out. The meaning of Persecution Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Leadership and Management Essay The WritePass Journal

Leadership and Management Essay INTROUCTION Leadership and Management Essay INTROUCTION  LeadershipMANAGEMENT Difference between Leadership and ManagementLeadership vs. ManagementLEADERSHIP THEORIESAssumptions of Management theoriesORGANISATIONAL SETTINGCommunicationMotivationSelf-confidencePeer feedback  CONCLUSIONREFERENCESRelated INTROUCTION In this assignment I am going to define leadership and management, and then I will discuss some of the leadership theories i.e Contingency Theory, Path-goal Theory, Great man theory, Management theories, Transformational theory /leader. After that I did an organisational setting in which I discussing the leadership style of Steve jobs in Apple. Then I am going to discuss my strengths and weaknesses on the basis of my peer feedback. At last I write conclusion and recommendation.   Leadership Leadership have different definitions given by different authors and practitioners, but generally it is relationship in which the behaviour or actions of people are influenced by one person. ‘’Leadership is the process of influencing a group within an organisation towards achieving an aim or goal’’ (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 20011:471). According to Yukl leadership is:- ‘’The process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it And the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives.’’ (Yukl, 2010:26)   Individuals and organisations performance is influenced by the leadership because it is a two-way process. To enable their followers to function effectively leader motivate their followers and design organisational contexts. If the group is influenced or motivated by the leader and give their full effort to reach the desired goal then the performance of the company automatically improved. MANAGEMENT As Mullins said Management is ‘’Getting work done through the efforts of other people.’’ (Mullins, 2010:434) Manager is the person who performs the function of management by using the available resources efficiently and effectively to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Difference between Leadership and Management Leadership vs. Management Managers do things right; leaders do the right things. Relationship of Managing is an authority; leading relationship is influensive. Stability is created by management; change comes because of leading. LEADERSHIP THEORIES Contingency Theory of leadership is related to the business environment that determines which leadership style is best for the different situation. According to this theory there is no single style of leadership is appropriate for all situations.    Path-goal Theoryis the third contingency model of leadership focuses on the leader to motivate subordinate. It suggests that the leader should remove hurdles, clarify the paths and increasing the reward for the followers to reach the goals by using any of the four leadership behaviour i.e. Directive leadership, Supportive leadership, Participative leadership and Achievement-oriented leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (House and Dessler, 2010:387-388) Great man theory    suggests that leadership capability is inherent and the great leaders are born not made. According to this theory you are either a natural born leader or you are not. Management theories      are also known as transactional theories. This leadership theory is based on system of reward and punishment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assumptions of Management theories If the people get command from one superior or the chain of command is definite, then they perform their best. Management use reward and punishment to motivate workers. Followers must obey the instructions and commands of the leader. Transformational theory /leader    efficiently and effectively motivate its team by using chain of command to get the job done. Transformational leader imagines the big picture of the organisation and come with a new idea that moves an organisation to reach that level. Broad framework of leadership style    is the managerial leadership towards subordinate staff and the focus of power within the three headings- Autocratic style- In this style management has the focus of power to take any decision. Democratic style- In this style the focus of power is more in a group. The leadership should share its function with group. Laissez-faire (genuine) style- In this style the group members have freedom to do whatever they want because manager knows that members of group are doing right thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Mullins, L.J. 2010:381) ORGANISATIONAL SETTING I read a case study of an Apple founded by Steve Jobs in1976. After reading the case study I found that Steve jobs is a transformational leader because he always comes with a new idea and effectively motivates his subordinates to reach his plan or goal. He believes in change that’s why he always found an opportunity in consumers taste and want. Apple is founded in 1976 and comes with Apple I a personal computer kit. He introduces Apple II in 1977 with colour graphics and floppy disk. Then apple launched Macintosh in 1984 it is the key step in the development of today’s pc. In 1996 apple bought NeXT. In 2001 he launched iPod music player for music lovers. By this he set of a new strategic option in music and entertainment. Then he came with the iPhone in 2007 and the MacBook Because of all these innovation I found that Steve jobs continuously transforming there products and making a new plan for the customers. PEER   FEEDBACK Communication Communication is the process of exchange and flow of information from one person to another. Effective communication is a two way communication, in which the receiver gets the exact information that the sender transmitted. Communication is the very essential factor of leader because without good communication skill leader can’t convey his suggestions and decisions to the followers or he can’t lead them. Communication is of two types verbal and nonverbal. According to Mehrabian ‘’in face to face communication other people understands us only 7% by words we use, 38% from our voice and remaining 55% from body language and facial expressions.’’ (Mullins, L.J. 2010:230) Peer feedback In my group work my group mate and I discussed about the communication skills and the importance of communication in leadership. After that discussion we gave feedback to each other, in which I got average comment. According to my group members I have an ability to express the thing but I can’t elaborate clearly because I speak in a slow voice and the listener can’t get me clearly. Motivation Motivation is the process of stimulating someone to use his willingness for fulfilling the desired goal. A leader motivates their followers by praising them or by giving them reward like bonus, incentive, promotion etc. In Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs Theory he defines five needs of the people. He arranged these needs in a hierarchy order i.e. physiological needs, safety needs, love needs, esteem needs, self- actualisation needs. (Mullins, L.J. 2010:261)    A good leader is a good motivator he always inspires the individual by different theories of motivation. Peer feedback During group discussion my group members gave me the positive feedback because they knew that in our finance assignment I helped one of my group member who find some problem in relating the ratios of the company with the economic factors, as I have a commerce background I helped him by giving theory and the proper link. Self-confidence Leadership grows from self-confidence, it is the fundamental basis of leadership. Leadership is about having confidence to make decisions. The group members or the followers can step forward towards the desired goal only when the leader is confident. So the leaders confidence is directly proportionate to the followers. It acts like a bridge between person and its goal. Peer feedback My group mate thinks that I am mediocre in self-confidence because when I am giving my strategy presentation I am not using my body language confidently and I am hesitating to give presentation. I’ll take that comment as a gift and try to increase my level of confidence. Delegation Delegation is the capabilities or knowledge of the person and issuing them a task, it also includes three concepts i.e. authority, responsibility and accountability. Delegation enables a leader to develop the performance of the followers to reach the desired target by making the best use of time. Peer feedback In my group activity I gave suggestions to my group and they observe it. When I get the chance I gave my suggestions to delicate the work. They found my suggestion an average because some time I didn’t find the strength of few team members in different tasks. So in some cases I am not able to assign a task to the right person.    CONCLUSION A leader is a person who influences other people to accomplish the desired goal, leader accept challenges takes risk to remove hurdles for his subordinates, he had a different styles for different situations. A leader is a role model for the organisation. With the help of the feedback given by my group members I know what are my strengths and weaknesses, because of them I know what are the obstacles for me to be a good leader. REFERENCES (Yukl, G. (2010:26), Leadership in Organizations: Global Edition, 7th Edition, Pearson Higher Education) Mullins, L.J. (2010), Management and Organisational Behaviour, 9th Edition, Pearson Higher Education Mullins, L.J. (2010), Management and Organisational Behaviour, 9th Edition, Pearson Higher Education http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories.htm, (22 may 2011 )