The ways in which ideas were communicated to the audience in War Spectacular Free Essays

We constructed War Spectacular to be an abstract piece made up of a number of unconnected scenes; this structure enabled us to tell numerous different stories, all with their own message. We realised early in the devising process that in order to keep this piece objective we would have to keep all of the scenes and settings non-specific, if we used the real names of locations, religions or people it may have caused offence to the audience, thus drawing away from our message. There were many different messages we wanted to convey to the audience; however there was one theme which ran throughout the piece, ultimately connecting the disjointed scenes; we were showing the different ‘faces of war’. We will write a custom essay sample on The ways in which ideas were communicated to the audience in War Spectacular or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first ‘face of war’ which we wanted to show was the human element of war. The original concept for the play was to show the affect of a conflict upon two families, show their struggle, and ultimately their collapse. Although this concept was scrapped the themes were kept for use during War Spectacular. You can read also Audience Adaptation Paper If we were to show the human and emotional side of war it was obvious that we needed to use a group of ‘real’ characters (opposed to the more abstract characters which would use throughout the play which would lack exposition and depth) who would open up to one another and show their hatred for the conflict. We constructed a scene with three soldiers who had been split from their unit and were forced to take shelter from the enemy in a bomb crater. My character was bitter and angry with my superior who, with his little leadership experience had got them no closer to safety. With talk of home and arguments together the two showed their insecurities and ultimately their fear. In this scene home was constructed to be the place which was away from this conflict, it is ‘safe, it’s warm†¦ and dry’. However, in the scene ‘War spectacular’ this ideal of home was destroyed. The execution of a man within his own house was used to show that war is now not just on the battlefields but in our streets and homes. This intrusion of safety was not just meant literally but metaphorically too – with modern media we are spared no detail of a conflict; past generations believed that their ‘brave boys’ were safe and doing the good of the country, now the truth is only too evident. At the beginning of the devising process I was very keen to have a subtext of media manipulation throughout the play; this was achieved through two scenes. First I wanted to make the ironic point about the hypocrisy of a news report (‘War Spectacular’ by Kate Adie) which compares a missile launch to a fireworks display, and then attempts to convey the reporters concern for the human suffering of mugged refugees. Reciting this piece while playing Holst’s Saturn, an eerie classical track gave the reading a strange poetic nature which a war report really shouldn’t have. This recital was made DSR, whilst a soldier robbed a dead body CS; this abstract staging was used to show the reporters obliviousness to the events which were actually happening around her. With these juxtapositions, the article lost all the sincerity with which it may have be written; showing how easy it is to both overlook the true meaning of news we are being provided with, and how what we are being shown with can never be the full story, and just the observations of one person. The second scene showing our media subtext was our most complex, both to construct and to perform. Set in a Middle Eastern bar we meet three journalists, Danny Richards, Kate Stevens and Malcolm Grey – Danny and Kate are both shown as rookies and Malcolm the veteran. A number of flashbacks are used throughout the scene as a means of exposition for each of the characters but also showing their different journalistic styles. Half way through the journalist scene we cut to Kate standing DSR reporting from the aftermath of a missile attack. We see her emotional report which describes a graphic and horrific scene. When her report is finished she asks the cameraman ‘brutal enough? ‘ – again showing the hypocrisy of the so-called emotionally attached reporter. Continuing in the bar Malcolm questions Danny’s integrity, calling him a ‘Two-bit rookie’ in response to this the audience is shown an interview between Danny, an interpreter and a woman living in a village which has been raided by American troops. This scene was used to show how drastically information can become. Statements coming from the village woman, through the interpreter and then to Danny are changed ‘Chinese whispers’ style until their meaning has been completely lost. For example, the word ‘Americans’ is changed to ‘military’ and then to ‘militants’. We ensured that it was the interpreter which made the most drastic mistakes, showing that it was not Danny who was at fault, and that this corruption of the truth could happen even to the most professional reporters. So to contrast this media orientated aspect of war we wanted to show a side of war that has very little understanding to it; the new warfare of fanaticism and blind allegiance. However much research we did for these roles it was always impossible to collect information which was objective as everything that we had collected was opinionated and not factual. With this stigma in mind, I felt that it was important to work with the theme of connection between all human beings which had been established in the opening scene as it would have been easy to just cast the characters in this section as inhuman, and so we worked to show the audience familiarities with these characters that they otherwise would have trouble connecting with. With the child soldier it was the shock of his revealed age which worked to remind the audience that the ‘inhuman’ soldier was still a small boy, and as the audience was made up of students and parents we felt that this would force them to think of children close to them. Similarly, the suicide bomber, whilst fanatical, still showed very human traits. He had thoughts of his family, performed this act because he believed that he was right and ‘just’, and ultimately showed fear. In contrast to this very new attitude to war we wanted to depict a very old fashioned warfare which looking back on it is now highly comical. The ‘new generation’ of weaponry was presented to the audience in the form of a ‘1950’s style’ advert. The main purpose for this scene was to provide the audience with a comic relief from the seriousness of the play. However, whilst this was an opportunity to relax placing this scene previous to the suicide bomber scene it to show a drastic change in attitude to warfare, whilst the character of the advert believed that that their weapons would drive the empire into the 20th century, the suicide bomber represents a very modern and much more dangerous enemy; one which does not have a flag or country, but just a cause and the will to cause destruction. The piece was concluded with the recital of the poem, ‘All things are connected’ which we quoted for the opening sequence. With lines such as ‘Man did not weave the web of life, he is merely a strand in it’ it worked well to convey our themes of unison as a race – although the hope of total peace is a fantasy, it is the theme which ultimately runs throughout the whole of the piece. How to cite The ways in which ideas were communicated to the audience in War Spectacular, Essays

Correlation Between Government Expenditure and Inflation

Question: Discuss about theCorrelation Between Government Expenditure and Inflation. Answer: Introduction Inflation refers is the rise in prices of a wide range of goods and services over a certain period of time, especially within one year. Inflation is brought about by a myriad of factors, but it is most likely to happen in a period that is characterized by strong economic activities whereby there is a shortage in supply of goods and services since demand has gone up; this causes the economy to run beyond its productive capacity. I.e. demand exceeds the supply. In Australia, the government has many economic objectives, inter alia, the objective to maintain low inflation rates. The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) recommends the maintenance of low inflation rates averaging about 2-3 percent over the duration of a business cycle of a year. On the other hand, it is also argued that the inflation rate should not be lower than the rate of 2-3 percent as stated above because that would be an indication that there is reduced economic growth and resources that would otherwise be employed to enhance Australias productivity are either lying idle or being wasted. As discussed below, this write-up analyzes how an increase in government expenditure can lead to inflations and also what policies can be employed to curb inflation rates that would distort the economy by destabilizing the currency. The Analysis Government Expenditures Effect on Inflation Among the factors that affect the inflation rates is the aggregate demand. Aggregate demand refers to the demand or consumption rate of the goods and services available in the market. In the event that the demand for the goods and services becomes excessively high, there will arise a situation where too much is spent to acquire the few goods and services in the market. This demand will run ahead of the aggregate supply which will then lead to a pervasive shortage of the goods and services. This stretches the economy to its limits, and since production firms would need more resources in order to increase the output and to match up with the demand, the price levels of the goods and services will rise, leading to what is known as demand-pull inflation. Various factors that affect demand inflation include increases in wages which stimulate private consumption, spending and low-interest rates which promote more borrowing and hence more spending. Saville (2008) argues that in the event that the economy deteriorates, the government is more often called upon to take intervention steps to stabilize the economy. In the Keynesian view, the form intervention required is for the government to spend more with the aim of stabilizing the economy and increasing productivity and investment. However, Ezrim et al (2008) explain that using the cointegration analysis and the Granger Casualty Method as applied to the time series data of the United States; there is an indication that public expenditure directly affects the inflation pressures. A reduction in this expenditure ultimately reduces the inflation rate and vice versa. Further, Saville (2008) likens the government to a parasite that sucks the economys blood (wealth) but does not generate any wealth of its own. When the economy is lackluster, it is reasonably expected that the government should suck less blood so that the host (the economy) does not deteriorate further. However, it is at such times that there are more calls for the government to borrow more and to spend more in the guise of stabilizing the economy. Being a fact that no wealth is generated in return, the effect is that the already scarce resources are depleted further to pay for the governments increasing expenses. The government may further opt to acquire stimulus packages in order to finance its additional deficit spending by issuing bonds that will be purchased by banks with newly created money. This increase in money within the economy will necessitate an increase in prices to match the available goods and services. Further, the additional expenditure from the government will add to the aggregate demand thereby increasing the inflationary pressures that will ultimately lead to demand-pull inflation. Policy Measures From the analysis above, it is evident that increased government expenditure is one of the contributing factors to demand inflation. Therefore, there is the need for policies that are aimed at slowing demand inflation. These policies are: Restrictive/Contractionary Monetary Policy and Contractionary Fiscal Policy which are as explained below: Restrictive/Contractionary Monetary Policy This policy is formulated by the Reserve Bank of Australia which by altering the interest rates which ultimately affects the level of national spending. The RBA adopts higher interest rates which would mean that the government will pay more to borrow funds to finance its expenditure. The high credit costs are aimed at discouraging excessive consumption and spending and therefore lowering the aggregate demand which eases the inflationary pressure. Further, the idea of higher interest rates encourages more savings and less spending. These cumulatively reduce general shortages of goods and services and maintain demand inflation at desirable levels. Contractionary Fiscal Policy These policies involves the increase of taxes and/or the decrease in government expenses as a means of reducing inflationary pressures. An increase in taxes is viewed as means of siphoning money from the private sector and may discourage excessive private consumption. The government, therefore, remains more funded instead of relying on debts to fund its expenditures. Further, the increase in taxes can ensure less disposable income and thereby decreasing private consumption rates and ultimately easing inflationary pressures. Alternatively, the Contractionary Fiscal Policy may lead to the attainment of a smaller government budget deficit by decreasing the aggregate spending and demand through limiting government expenditures. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is clear that an increase in government expenditure contributes to the inflationary pressures leading to demand-pull inflation characterized by an increase in price levels. Inflation is known to cause slow economic growth, the weakening of international trading power due to differences between the value of exports and value of imports, and income inequality due to gains and losses of purchasing powers. It is for this reasons and among others that it is necessary for the Reserve Bank of Australia to maintain its objective of ensuring low inflation over the business cycles so as to maintain and improve living standards. To achieve this objective, the Contractionary policies as discussed above should be at all times be employed ad also be applicable to the government to ensure a balance is maintained between sustainable economic growth and increases in prices at a moderate and desirable rate. References Australias Inflation as a Contemporary Economic Issue. (2016). Retrieved 24 September 2016, fromhttps://www.wiley.com/legacy/Australia/PageProofs/ECODU/1_2/c03AustraliasInflationAsAContemporaryEconomicIssue_WEB.pdf Dupor, W. (2016).How Does Government Spending Affect Inflation? Retrieved 25 September 2016, from https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2016/may/how-does-government-spending-affect-inflation Ezirim, C., Muoghalu, M., Elike, U. (2008). Inflation versus public expenditure growth in the US: An Empirical Investigation.North American Journal of Finance and Banking Research,2(2). Feldstein, M. S. (2009).Rethinking the role of fiscal policy(No. w14684). National Bureau of Economic Research. Heath, A., Roberts, I., Bulman, T. (2004). Inflation in Australia: measurement and modeling.The future of inflation targeting, 167-207. Mehraraa, M., Rezaei, S., Soufianib, M. (2016).The Impact of Government Spending on Inflation through the Inflationary Environment, STR approach(p. 155). Retrieved from https://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/WSN-37-2016-153-167.pdf Saville, S. (2008).Government Spending and Inflation | Steve Saville | Safehaven.com.Safehaven.com. Retrieved 25 September 2016, from https://www.safehaven.com/article/10688/government-spending-and-inflation Sims, C. A. (1994). A simple model for study of the determination of the price level and the interaction of monetary and fiscal policy.Economic theory,4(3), 381-399.

The meaning of Persecution Essay Example Essay Example

The meaning of Persecution Essay Example Paper The meaning of Persecution Essay Introduction Over the centuries, Persecution has had many definitions. Sometimes it means more sometimes it means less but at all time, persecution is neither desirable nor anything to admire. Today we are aware of several forms of persecution but in most cases are powerless to stop it.Today the accepted definition of persecution found in the Oxford Dictionary (1993) is:†1 The act persecuting someone or subjecting someone to hostility or ill treatment; the fact of being persecuted; an instance esp. a particular course or period, of this b Harassment, persistent annoyance 2 The action of pursuing with intent to catch, injure or kill; pursuit of a subject etc.†Subjecting someone to hostility or ill treatment is one of the phrases used there and this is precisely what persecution is. A person or a group of people are singled out for extraordinarily heinous treatment. A recent example of this is the holocaust that took place the mid twentieth century, referring to the mass murder and tort ure the Jews suffered at the hands or the Germans.In addition, when the term persecution is used it is taken to mean that the person on the receiving end of the maltreatment has done nothing to warrant it. The persecutors are acting out of malice and perhaps do not even feel the need to explain themselves and when they do their rationalization is based on discriminatory and unjustifiable attitudes.During his ministry, Jesus was victim to people with these types of mind-sets. Jesus maintained that he spoke with authority from God. The religious leaders of Palestine did not like this because he was making the information freely available to people they felt did not deserve to know the scriptures because they thought of them as unlettered, stupid etc. but Jesus paid them no heed. The religious leaders were infuriated at his flagrant disregard and on occasion tried to kill him.Luke 4:28-30{(28)Now all those hearing these things in the synagogue became filled with anger; (29) and they ro se up and hurried him [Jesus] out of the city, and they led him to the brow of the mountain upon which their city had been built, in order to throw him down headlong. (30) But he went through the midst and continued on his way.} This episode occurred after he declined to perform miracles in Nazareth, comparing himself to Elijah who the Jewish people held in high esteem. The Jewish men of the synagogue were incensed at the presumptuousness of it and riled so far as to attempting to kill him.He did not halt in his good works however as verse 30 shows. Later on he performs a miracle on the Sabbath day a day that the Jews regarded as holy and would endeavour not to work. When he cured the man with the withered hand they weren’t happy. In Luke 6:11{(11) But they became filled with madness, and they began to talk over with one another what they might do to Jesus.}Jesus did not allow the powerful men’s obvious disdain stop the progress of his ministry. Though they frequently made it clear how contemptuously they regarded him he did not allow this to deaden his spirit.These same religious leaders handed him over to the Roman authorities for being a revolutionary and he was condemned for so-called heresy and executed by crucifixion. The events leading up to his iniquitous death are found in Chapter 23 of Luke. They did not let him die peacefully rather they taunted and ridiculed him until he finally died. It was down to the Pharisees and Sadducees that he was subjected to a criminal’s death and instead of feeling remorse they were proud of themselves.Persecution in the Modern dayDespite the large numbers of Christians today, some 1.6 billion, a lot of this number are just the kind of hang-on Christian. This is the sort of person who takes their families to church on Sunday’s and at Christmas and possesses a vague sense of conscience. In the west choosing ones religion is as easy as choosing an outfit of a morning. Being in the west we are no t subject to a lot of the things that goes on today against Christians.In several countries where human rights are practically non-existent, Christians have been tortured and persecuted up until this day. In an article posted on the Internet (www.worldnetdaily.com), barely more than a year ago, heinous images of the pain of innocents are painted. The article refers to the bombings in the Philippines that occurred in late 2003and says â€Å"little has been made of the fact that these attacks were aimed specifically at Christians.† Art Moore, the author calls it â€Å"one of the most neglected stories† and it is true that not many people are aware of the true cause of the bombings. An estimated .2 billion, over 10%, of Christians worldwide suffer from malicious treatments from various governments.For example in China several hundreds of Chinese Christians are being forced through â€Å"re-education through labour† camps. In Iran the Christians suffer arrest, impri sonment and torture on account of their faith and leaving Islam is considered a criminal offence. Nigerian Christians routinely have their churches burnt down, Saudi governments put a ban on practicing Christianity and for someone to convert to Christianity from Islam is punishable by death penalty. Crucifixion and slavery are still practiced in Sudan and the violations repeatedly conducted against Christians are endless and horrendous.So how does persecution affect Christians today? The schism between hemispheres is great. Most Christians today have no idea of what is happening in places like Pakistan where mobs and fundamentalist Muslim’s brazenly target Christians.The sort of persecution western Christian’s face today is mainly from revolutionary scientists and atheists who seek to discredit the bible by making it outdated. Christian’s are often subject to ridicule in today’s â€Å"modern-thinking† generation. Scientist’s who claim  "God is dead† however do nothing more than mock. Nevertheless some people find themselves giving thought to the anti-Christianity remarks made by these scientists and these people may lose their faith.To Christians living in different parts of the world persecution will mean different things. A Christian living in England would never expect to be raped maimed and killed to be made an example of. Christian’s living in the upper Nile region of Sudan could plausibly expect this as it would not be the first time it had happened. Conversely the words of a self-important scientist would hardly likely test the faith of Christians who barely escaped alive from mass murder of friends in the faith. A quote from the Christians of Turkmenistan expresses this difference well. They claim that although their persecution is physical the lure of materialism could be just as devastating for the western Christians.Materialism is basically the striving after material things. Without notici ng a Christian could find him or herself putting money and prestige before their faith and becoming increasingly unscrupulous. The same Christians of central Asia also requested this of their fellow Christians. â€Å"Please pray not that our persecution will go away, but that there will be enough persecution to keep us focussed on our Lord, but not too much to break us.†Jesus warned his disciples many times that following him would be a struggle.Back in his day one had to carry the cross you were going to be crucified on and labour up the countryside. Jesus told his followers that they would have to take up their cross to follow him.Wherever it is, persecution is always designed to disillusion people of whatever faith. This is the one thing all persecutions have in common, from the crucifixion of Jesus, to the inquisition to the modern day; however the important thing is to withstand it and that is the one thing all religions have in common.†Christians should expect per secution†For a long time Christians were persecuted for their beliefs. In the first century, early Christians were victimized endlessly. Because the Christian church was so small and new, the leaders did not like it. For much of the late first century in the Roman Empire being a Christian was illegal and punishable by incarceration. During these times, many Christians became Martyrs for their faith.Some People may say that because of this Christians should recognize their duty to give up their life for the cause, as did the early Christians. A Christian now should have the same faith as any Christian the first century. Also many of St Paul’s letters to the Galatians, Ephesians, and Colossians etc. were giving them encouragement to withstand persecution and also let them know just how many obstacles he was facing in his own missionary work. Christian’s are expected to believe in the entire bible trusting that the whole book is still as relevant today as it ever wa s. This means accepting that St Paul’s encouragements should have just as much application to today’s Christian as to a Christian in C1.But today we live in a society that recognises the faith of every human being to practice whatever religion they choose so in this way no people should expect to be persecuted nevertheless many faiths are. Christians who are lucky enough to live in area’s where there are no difficulties should count themselves blessed.However remember that Jesus warned his disciples to expect persecution on account of his name. Whether or not Christians are being persecuted or not their faith should remain strong enough to withstand oppression. I think the important thing here is for a Christian to feel in himself that his faith is strong enough to endure. St Paul made mention of the tested quality of faith being a lot more valued by God. Whether or not a Christian expects persecution their quality of faith should not depend on external influenc es but rather on themselves.It was Jesus Christ who founded the Christian Church and he was ruthlessly pursued. St Paul too was a central figure and never was he left alone. He was constantly imprisoned due to his missionary work. He never let anything get him down. All Christians should try to follow his example and that of the Christ because keeping the faith is one of the central precepts of Christianity.In conclusion I think that no one of any faith should anticipate ill-treatment. Christians are supposed to tolerate all faiths and in so doing should expect no less from others, a manifestation of the Golden Rule. Notwithstanding this however no Christian should feel him or herself so far against the wall that they should take the easy way out. The meaning of Persecution Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Leadership and Management Essay The WritePass Journal

Leadership and Management Essay INTROUCTION Leadership and Management Essay INTROUCTION  LeadershipMANAGEMENT Difference between Leadership and ManagementLeadership vs. ManagementLEADERSHIP THEORIESAssumptions of Management theoriesORGANISATIONAL SETTINGCommunicationMotivationSelf-confidencePeer feedback  CONCLUSIONREFERENCESRelated INTROUCTION In this assignment I am going to define leadership and management, and then I will discuss some of the leadership theories i.e Contingency Theory, Path-goal Theory, Great man theory, Management theories, Transformational theory /leader. After that I did an organisational setting in which I discussing the leadership style of Steve jobs in Apple. Then I am going to discuss my strengths and weaknesses on the basis of my peer feedback. At last I write conclusion and recommendation.   Leadership Leadership have different definitions given by different authors and practitioners, but generally it is relationship in which the behaviour or actions of people are influenced by one person. ‘’Leadership is the process of influencing a group within an organisation towards achieving an aim or goal’’ (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 20011:471). According to Yukl leadership is:- ‘’The process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it And the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives.’’ (Yukl, 2010:26)   Individuals and organisations performance is influenced by the leadership because it is a two-way process. To enable their followers to function effectively leader motivate their followers and design organisational contexts. If the group is influenced or motivated by the leader and give their full effort to reach the desired goal then the performance of the company automatically improved. MANAGEMENT As Mullins said Management is ‘’Getting work done through the efforts of other people.’’ (Mullins, 2010:434) Manager is the person who performs the function of management by using the available resources efficiently and effectively to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Difference between Leadership and Management Leadership vs. Management Managers do things right; leaders do the right things. Relationship of Managing is an authority; leading relationship is influensive. Stability is created by management; change comes because of leading. LEADERSHIP THEORIES Contingency Theory of leadership is related to the business environment that determines which leadership style is best for the different situation. According to this theory there is no single style of leadership is appropriate for all situations.    Path-goal Theoryis the third contingency model of leadership focuses on the leader to motivate subordinate. It suggests that the leader should remove hurdles, clarify the paths and increasing the reward for the followers to reach the goals by using any of the four leadership behaviour i.e. Directive leadership, Supportive leadership, Participative leadership and Achievement-oriented leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (House and Dessler, 2010:387-388) Great man theory    suggests that leadership capability is inherent and the great leaders are born not made. According to this theory you are either a natural born leader or you are not. Management theories      are also known as transactional theories. This leadership theory is based on system of reward and punishment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assumptions of Management theories If the people get command from one superior or the chain of command is definite, then they perform their best. Management use reward and punishment to motivate workers. Followers must obey the instructions and commands of the leader. Transformational theory /leader    efficiently and effectively motivate its team by using chain of command to get the job done. Transformational leader imagines the big picture of the organisation and come with a new idea that moves an organisation to reach that level. Broad framework of leadership style    is the managerial leadership towards subordinate staff and the focus of power within the three headings- Autocratic style- In this style management has the focus of power to take any decision. Democratic style- In this style the focus of power is more in a group. The leadership should share its function with group. Laissez-faire (genuine) style- In this style the group members have freedom to do whatever they want because manager knows that members of group are doing right thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Mullins, L.J. 2010:381) ORGANISATIONAL SETTING I read a case study of an Apple founded by Steve Jobs in1976. After reading the case study I found that Steve jobs is a transformational leader because he always comes with a new idea and effectively motivates his subordinates to reach his plan or goal. He believes in change that’s why he always found an opportunity in consumers taste and want. Apple is founded in 1976 and comes with Apple I a personal computer kit. He introduces Apple II in 1977 with colour graphics and floppy disk. Then apple launched Macintosh in 1984 it is the key step in the development of today’s pc. In 1996 apple bought NeXT. In 2001 he launched iPod music player for music lovers. By this he set of a new strategic option in music and entertainment. Then he came with the iPhone in 2007 and the MacBook Because of all these innovation I found that Steve jobs continuously transforming there products and making a new plan for the customers. PEER   FEEDBACK Communication Communication is the process of exchange and flow of information from one person to another. Effective communication is a two way communication, in which the receiver gets the exact information that the sender transmitted. Communication is the very essential factor of leader because without good communication skill leader can’t convey his suggestions and decisions to the followers or he can’t lead them. Communication is of two types verbal and nonverbal. According to Mehrabian ‘’in face to face communication other people understands us only 7% by words we use, 38% from our voice and remaining 55% from body language and facial expressions.’’ (Mullins, L.J. 2010:230) Peer feedback In my group work my group mate and I discussed about the communication skills and the importance of communication in leadership. After that discussion we gave feedback to each other, in which I got average comment. According to my group members I have an ability to express the thing but I can’t elaborate clearly because I speak in a slow voice and the listener can’t get me clearly. Motivation Motivation is the process of stimulating someone to use his willingness for fulfilling the desired goal. A leader motivates their followers by praising them or by giving them reward like bonus, incentive, promotion etc. In Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs Theory he defines five needs of the people. He arranged these needs in a hierarchy order i.e. physiological needs, safety needs, love needs, esteem needs, self- actualisation needs. (Mullins, L.J. 2010:261)    A good leader is a good motivator he always inspires the individual by different theories of motivation. Peer feedback During group discussion my group members gave me the positive feedback because they knew that in our finance assignment I helped one of my group member who find some problem in relating the ratios of the company with the economic factors, as I have a commerce background I helped him by giving theory and the proper link. Self-confidence Leadership grows from self-confidence, it is the fundamental basis of leadership. Leadership is about having confidence to make decisions. The group members or the followers can step forward towards the desired goal only when the leader is confident. So the leaders confidence is directly proportionate to the followers. It acts like a bridge between person and its goal. Peer feedback My group mate thinks that I am mediocre in self-confidence because when I am giving my strategy presentation I am not using my body language confidently and I am hesitating to give presentation. I’ll take that comment as a gift and try to increase my level of confidence. Delegation Delegation is the capabilities or knowledge of the person and issuing them a task, it also includes three concepts i.e. authority, responsibility and accountability. Delegation enables a leader to develop the performance of the followers to reach the desired target by making the best use of time. Peer feedback In my group activity I gave suggestions to my group and they observe it. When I get the chance I gave my suggestions to delicate the work. They found my suggestion an average because some time I didn’t find the strength of few team members in different tasks. So in some cases I am not able to assign a task to the right person.    CONCLUSION A leader is a person who influences other people to accomplish the desired goal, leader accept challenges takes risk to remove hurdles for his subordinates, he had a different styles for different situations. A leader is a role model for the organisation. With the help of the feedback given by my group members I know what are my strengths and weaknesses, because of them I know what are the obstacles for me to be a good leader. REFERENCES (Yukl, G. (2010:26), Leadership in Organizations: Global Edition, 7th Edition, Pearson Higher Education) Mullins, L.J. (2010), Management and Organisational Behaviour, 9th Edition, Pearson Higher Education Mullins, L.J. (2010), Management and Organisational Behaviour, 9th Edition, Pearson Higher Education http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories.htm, (22 may 2011 )

5 Ways to Tell if Your College Crush Likes You

5 Ways to Tell if Your College Crush Likes You Have your eye on someone as a potential date? Boyfriend? Girlfriend? Or, at the least, someone to ask out for coffee or a drink, away from the college crowd? Trying to see if he or she likes you or not can be maddening. These five situations can help you gauge the other persons feelings- as well as your own- about possibly taking things to another level. 1. Go Out in a Group Is this person by you the whole night? Are you by them? Are they interested in what you have to say? Do they laugh at your jokes, wait for you when the group moves around, and pay attention when you talk? Are you frequently making eye contact? If you close your eyes and imagined the person not with the group, would your experience change? Answering yes to any of these questions might indicate an interest in you in particular instead of just common group dynamics. 2. Do Something Together Off Campus If you have to visit a local museum for your art history paper, see if this potential-date wants to come along. Their eagerness at doing so, and the chemistry that happens while you guys are out, can be a great way to see whats going on between the two of you. Of course, if youre heading off campus, make sure youre safe about it. 3. Grab a Meal Together If youre interested in someone, chances are that you have things in common and have done things together, or with a group, already. If so, try to carry that momentum into a seemingly-friendly meal together. Did you work together on a class project, seek his or her advice on your computer science program, or research similar paper topics in the library? If so, say you want to celebrate finishing by grabbing a quick meal off campus. Keeping it really casual can be the key to seeing what your dynamics are when youre alone. Running off campus for a quick lunch of a burger or dim sum has a much different feel than a nice, sit-down evening meal thats been planned two weeks in advance. 4. Ask for Help With Something If you like someone and he or she is really smart in a certain subject or has some experience in a research topic youre working on, see if they are interested in helping you. You can have a great discussion that will help expand your understanding of something you already find interesting, and you can see what this person is like on a more personal level. Have they had a lot of classes with a new professor of yours, and if so, can they talk to you about how that person grades? Are they majoring in a discipline youre taking your first class in? Can they give you some feedback on a survey you want to pass out to people in your residence hall? Then, of course, see how the conversation goes. Are they willing to help? Friendly? Interesting and engaging? Supportive? Someone youd want to have more conversations with...say, over a real college dinner date that isnt made of food you both sneaked into the library? 5. Share Some Exciting News Did you just hear that you were accepted into your summer internship program? Get an A on that project you asked for help with? Get happy news from one of your friends or family members? Share it with your potential crush and see how he or she reacts. If they are supportive, interested, and want to celebrate with you one-on-one, it might be a sign that the friendship could develop into more. A Note If You Feel Self-Conscious Around Your Crush Remember that having a crush on someone, and even putting it totally in the open, is something that should be very flattering. Anyone worth dating in the first place should be touched by your sentiments and handle them with respect, no matter what their feelings are in return. Put yourself out thereotherwise, youll never know!

Life Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life Insurance - Essay Example The amount that one receives upon the event of death is pre-fixed as it is the sum assured of the life insurance policy. To get the benefit of the life insurance scheme, the policy holder (generally the assured) has to pay certain sum to the insuring company, known as premium. Traditionally, the life insurance policies used to be of two main types namely term policy and endowment policy but now at the face of the increased competition, leading insurers have come up with more customised policies (like retirement pans, children education plans, investment plans, etc) to benefit the insured. While deciding the amount of sum assured, a person should keep several factors in mind. Firstly, he should calculate the amount that would be required by his heirs or the family to maintain the same standard of living that they presently have. Also, the payment of premium of life insurance helps in savings of one’s tax. But again, the sum assured and the sum of premium also depend on the age of the insured, place where they live among other factors. If the person (assuming he is the primary bread-earner) is around 35 years of age, a sum assured of US $ 100,000 would suffice the need. The husband can take such policy which can even act as his retirement planning. But again, the amount of sum assured would depend on the income that the person earns. The policy upon the lady of the family can bear the sum assured of at least US $ 75,000 (assuming her age to be above 30 and below 35). The child if aged around 8-10 can also have a policy. The policy of the child should be basicall y for the educational purposes and in addition of covering the life, the policy should get matured in such time, which would cater to the expenses of higher education for the child. It can also be in the range of US $ 100,000. It can be assessed from the above

Hybrid cars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Hybrid cars - Essay Example The design type of a hybrid car can either be parallel or series. In terms of classification, hybrid cars can be classified into full, mild, and plug-in hybrids. In people’s lives, hybrid cars mean fuel efficiency, reduced global warming as a result of reduced pollution, more power, reliable transportation and a lot more. They have advantages and disadvantages as discussed in this paper. In terms of whether they can replace other cars, hybrid cars can certainly replace other cars, especially due to the fact that the better ones are yet to be invented. Hybrid cars are cars that can use more than one power source. According to Hantula and Voege, â€Å"a hybrid car gets power from both a gasoline engine and an electric motor† (2010, p. 10). Callery explains that â€Å"hybrid cars use electricity to start up and power their engines, switching to gasoline at higher speeds when that fuel is more efficient† (2009, p. 5). It is possible for the gasoline engine and electric motor to work together, but this happens differently for each. Other times in some hybrid cars, only one of them works. When not needed, the engine of a hybrid car is set to shut off. This usually happens in stop-and-go traffic and where there are red lights. In fact this is among the reasons why hybrid cars are termed economical in terms of the amount of gasoline they use, which is far less compared to what traditional cars consume. The other reason is the fact that the gasoline engine of a hybrid car is smaller, since the electric motor also plays a par t in moving the car. Today’s hybrid cars are more advanced, hence do not require plugging in to power in order to recharge them. The large batteries installed in modern hybrid cars get charged as the moves. Hantula and Voege point out that, â€Å"the car may have a generator to make electricity† (2010, p. 11). The gasoline engine powers the generator. At times in some hybrid cars, the electric motor works as a generator. This paper discusses the